BLACKWELL, Miss Elizabeth
<span>Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England, on February 3, 1821, became one of the first women physicians in the United States. She persisted in applying to various medical schools as her applications were rejected because she was a woman. Geneva College accepted her application though the administration thought it was a "joke" that a woman applied in 1847.</span><br /><br /><span>She advocated for herself to be treated as an equal to her male colleagues when participating in the Reproductive Anatomy class, which made the male students uncomfortable. Furthermore, by her attentive and thorough note-taking skills, Miss Blackwell proved she was able to understand the information being presented in her courses.</span><br /><br /><span>During her Spring and Summer breaks from medical school, Elizabeth observed how the poorest of the poor and the insane were treated at the Blockney Almshouse in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Unfortunately, the male physicians wanted nothing to do with her because she was a woman.</span><br /><br /><span>Miss Blackwell wrote her thesis, "Ship Fever," (Typhus) based upon the Irish Immigrants who were severely ill on the ships coming from Ireland to America. It was published in the </span><em>Buffalo Medical Journal</em><span> in February 1849, and Miss Blackwell graduated with her medical degree a few months later.</span><br /><br /><span>Elizabeth developed the first hospital dedicated to women, The New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children, in 1853. This endeavor was supported by donations and successful fundraising, after Elizabeth was denied the opportunity to rent office space for her medical practice due to her gender. Her sister, Emily Blackwell, the third woman physician in the United States, worked alongside Elizabeth. They were accompanied in their work by female medical students and two female nurses.</span><br /><br /><span>In 1855, she adopted a seven year old girl, Katherine, known as "Kitty," from the Randall's Island Orphanage. Elizabeth felt that her "little orphan" Kitty lifted her spirits after she had felt lonely and isolated living in New York. Kitty was also Elizabeth's secretary as she conducted the detailed correspondence with her mother that became part of the </span><a href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/blackwell-family-papers/?fa=partof:blackwell+family+papers%7Cpartof:blackwell+family+papers:+elizabeth+blackwell+papers,+1836-1946" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Elizabeth Blackwell Papers</a><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>Miss Blackwell's dream to open a Women's Medical College of the New York Infirmary became a reality in 1868, as the New York State Legislature granted her a charter to do so. Miss Blackwell believed firmly that it was one thing to open a poor college with charity, but more important to open a great college for women medical students that would provide professional skills, hospital practice, and the introduction of hygiene. At the college, female medical students engaged in a progressive succession of studies, the first of its kind for medical training for women.</span><br /><br /><span>Miss Blackwell retired from her medical practice. She spent the rest of her later years in Hastings, England, as a consultant and advocate for women in medicine.</span><br /><br /><span>Elizabeth died on May 31, 1910.</span>
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LAZARUS, Miss Emma
<p><span>Emma Lazarus was born in New York, New York on July 22, 1849 and died there on November 19, 1887.</span><br /><br /><span>Emma was inspired and mentored by Ralph Waldo Emerson. In 1868, she mailed her book to Ralph Waldo Emerson which resulted in a mentor-mentee relationship. For a few years, Emma asked him for feedback on her poems, and Emerson gladly provided critiques and praise. A rift occurred in their relationship in 1873, as Ralph Waldo Emerson did not publish her work in his anthology, </span><em>Parnassus</em><span>. Emma never found out why he did not her print her work, since he never responded to her letters.</span><br /><br /><span>Miss Lazarus volunteered at the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) after visiting Russian Jewish Immigrants living in squalor at Ward Island. These immigrants had left Russia due to the Czar’s ongoing pogroms and other antisemitic acts. The HIAS, which was formed in 1881, provided meals, transportation, and employment counseling.</span></p>
<p><span>That same year, Emma wrote several poems for a broad range of audiences concerning the antisemitism occurring in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia. Her poems, "The Banner of the Jew," "The Exile," and "The Death of Death" (she dedicated this to "George Eliot," for her inspiration and dream of a Jewish nation), portrayed the tragic suffering and degradation of her people (Jews). Emma was an early proponent of what became the Zionist movement. Her views are illustrated in her “Epistle for Hebrews." </span><br /><br /><span>Emma wrote"The New Colossus," a sonnet, in 1883 as part of fundraiser for the Statue of Liberty's pedestal. She wanted others to know that this poem voiced support for the immigrants coming to the shores of New York City. Unfortunately, Emma did not live to see the fruit of her labor. It was 1886 by the time sufficient money was raised to erect the statue in New York Harbor, and Emma passed in November of 1887, before its completion. </span><span>To honor Miss Lazarus's work, her friend, Georgina Schuyler, had Emma's poem engraved on a plaque which was mounted on the statue's pedestal..</span><br /><br /><span>Her volunteer efforts and ideas also led to the creation of the Hebrew Technical Institute, which was formed in 1884 in New York City. This non-sectarian facility provided training in vocational skills for students ages 14-17. Later, it became known as the first technical high school in America.</span><br /><br /><span>In 1944, The Emma Lazarus Federation of Women’s Clubs was founded by the Women’s Division of the Jewish People’s Fraternal Order of the International Workers Order. Its mission was three-fold: t</span><span>o provide relief to wartime victims, t</span><span>o combat racism and antisemitism, and t</span><span>o foster Jewish identification through its educational programs and women’s rights. </span><br /><br /><span>To honor Miss Lazarus's accomplishments as a famous poet, Ruth Hollander, a senior from Tucson High School, was elected president of the newly formed Emma Lazarus B'nai B'rith Women’s Group in March, 1951. </span></p>
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BATES, Mrs. Clara Doty
Clara Doty Bates was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan on December 22, 1838. A writer from an early age, Clara attended private schools. She married Morgan Bates, a newspaperman, in 1876 and the couple moved to Chicago, Illinois.<br /><br />A well-known writer of juvenile literature, Clara published several books under the imprint of Boston's D. Lothrop & Company. From its beginnings in 1875, she was a frequent contributor to <em>Wide Awake</em>, a children's periodical that was published by that firm. Her sister, Charlotte Doty Finley, was the illustrator for Clara's poem "Silver Locks and the Bears" in the December 1875 volume. Clara's poems also appeared in <em>Babyland</em>,<em>Harper's Young People</em>, <em>St. Nicholas</em>, and <em>Youth's Companion, </em>and<em> Farm, Field, and Firesode.<br /><br /></em>In addiiton to publishing her own work and contributing to periodicals, Clara contributed "LIT-TLE TO-TOTE" to an edited volume, <span><em>Baby World: Stories, Rhymes, and Pictures for Little Folks</em>. (Century, 1884).<br /></span><br />While living in Chicago, Clara was vice-president of the Fortnightly women's literary club. She also was very involved with the Woman's Branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary. During the early 1890s, Clara was a contributor to <em>A Woman of the Century</em>. She was very involed with the Columbian Exposition and arranged the <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1893-07-02/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=16&words=Bates+Clara+Doty&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Clara+Doty+Bates&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=21" target="_blank" rel="noopener">children's library</a> with Alice L. Williams. In July of 1893, she spoke at the <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84036276/1893-07-22/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=1&words=Bates+Clara+Doty&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Clara+Doty+Bates&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=22" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Educational Congress</a> in Chicago. <br /><br />She passed away in Chicago on October 14, 1895, at age fifty-six, and was buried in Ann Arbor's Forest Hills Cemetery. Clara's friend Elia W. Peattie wrote a lengthy <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84037890/1896-02-12/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=0&words=BATES+CLARA+DOTY&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Clara+Doty+Bates&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=26" target="_blank" rel="noopener">obituary</a> that was published in <em>The Omaha Nebraska-Herald</em> and reprinted in <em>The Hartford Herald</em> (Hartford, KY) on February 12, 1896. Elia certainly captured Clara's essence in this beautiful tribute.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
PERRY, Miss Nora
Nora Perry was a New England poet, newspaper correspondent, and author. Her poems “Tying her Bonnet under her Chin” and “After the Ball” shot her to literary fame and were reprinted in newspapers across the country. Her early success led her to write society pieces for <em>The Chicago Tribune</em> and <em>The Providence Journal</em> in her later years. <br /><br />Born in Dudley, Massachusetts in 1831, Miss Perry was the youngest of three children. Her family relocated to Providence, Rhode Island while she was still a child. An avid writer even in her youth, Miss Perry eventually became a part of Sarah Helen Whitman’s literary circle in Providence. Nora would wake early in the morning and write until noon at an old-fashioned table that she called her “shop” in her living room, where she kept her collection of chromolithographs wherever there was space to put them. Occasionally, she would write another hour or two in the afternoon, but almost never wrote in the evening. Around the time that she became a professional writer, Nora destroyed all of her writings from her adolescence. <br /><br />Nora continued to write lyrical poetry throughout her life, but she also wrote short stories for adolescent readers. It was a natural progression for her to write from the point of view of a young person, as Miss Perry was often described as “vivacious with an intense personality and wit”. As Nora wrote:<br />“I have too much youth for the rest of the world at my age. Life never seems old to me, always fresh.”<br /><br />Her young adult stories were intended to inspire higher ideals in its readers. That was the power of literature to Miss Perry:<br />“Nothing is so practical as the ideal which is ever at hand to uphold and better the real.”<br /><br />Nora was not a religious person. She had no qualms about declaring her agnosticism or, as she referred to it, “the agnosticism of don’t know.” Instead of following religious doctrine, she believed in a “practical service to humanity,” which she practiced in part by encouraging young writers in their craft. Though not religious, Nora did believe in the supernatural. She possessed a moonstone talisman that she felt helped in her literary success and brought her good luck. <br /><br />Though she was never married, Nora preferred male companionship, as she enjoyed their point of view and way of thinking. She developed intimate friendships with John Greenleaf Whittier, Wendell Phillips, and George William Curtis to name just a few. Yet, she also maintained many female friends as well. Harriet Prescott Spofford was one such friend and sister-poet, who wrote of her friend’s poetic style: <br />“Nora Perry writes in verse because she cannot help it. The music bubbles up in her as the water gushes in a spring, and whenever she has allowed art to clear the way the result is a ‘well of English undefiled.’”<br /><br />Miss Perry adored her hair, which was often described as a reddish-golden blonde and pale blonde in her later years. It pleased her when people admired it. In fact, hair descriptions often found their way into her writing. <br /><br />In her later years, Miss Perry was struck with what was referred to as “author’s cramp” or “writer’s cramp,” which affected her ability to write. The pain was so great, she nearly lost the use of her right hand and taught herself to write left-handed so she could rest her dominant one.<br /><br />Nora Perry passed away on May 13, 1896 of an aneurysm while visiting Dudley, Massachusetts. As Caroline Ticknor wrote in <em>The Lamp</em>:<br />“To the friends who had loved her, and would gladly have ministered to her in her last hours, it was a deep grief that she should have died alone in a boarding-house. And yet her solitary passing seemed somehow in harmony with her own independent, self-contained mode of living.”<br /><br />Miss Perry was buried at Swan Point Cemetery in Providence, Rhode Island.
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WOOLSON, Abba Goold
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<span>Author Abba Louise Goold Woolson was born on her family compound in Windham, Maine, on April 30, 1838. She was the daughter of author and Maine historian William Goold. Her family had long-established roots in Maine and resided in Windham for several generations.</span><br /><br /><span>Abba received an education from the Portland public schools and attended the Girls' High School. She graduated from the Girls' High School as valedictorian in 1856. This year would prove to be exciting for Abba as it was also the year she married her high school principal, Professor Moses Woolson, and was first published in New York's </span><em>Home Journal</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>While living in Portland, Maine, Abba went on to start a successful and robust career as an author. She penned a series of popular poems for the </span><em>Portland Transcript</em><span>, a publication she contributed to for four years. Through the course of her writing career, she published dozens of essays, lectures, poems, and collections. In 1874, Abba edited and contributed to "Dress Reform," a series of lectures by women physicians of Boston on "Dress as It Effects the Health of Women." The lectures were originally delivered in the prior year as part of a dress-reform series sponsored by the New England Women’s Club. In this work, Abba amplified the voices of physicians speaking out against impractical dress.</span><br /><br /><span>Through her work as a teacher, she passed down her writing skills and wisdom. Abba was a teacher at the Mt. Auburn Girls' School and the Concord High School. Her talent as a poet led to several speaking engagements, including Portland's celebration of the Maine Centennial and the dedication of the Fowler Library in Concord, New Hampshire. Being one of New England's premier writers, it's no surprise that Abba served in many literary groups and societies. Her most notable commitments were serving as president of the Castilian Club and the Massachusetts Society for the University Education of Women.</span><br /><br /><span>Aside from her devotion to writing, teaching, and reform, Abba traveled extensively. Her travels included visiting the West Coast of the United States, Europe, and Morocco.</span><br /><br /><span>Abba passed away on February 6, 1921, at the age of 82.</span>
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DALL, Mrs. Caroline Wells
<p dir="ltr"><span>Caroline Wells Dall was born in Boston, Massachusetts on June 22, 1822. Her parents, Mark Healey and Caroline Foster, provided her with an exclusive education, consisting of private tutoring and private schooling, until she was 15 years old. From 1837 to 1842, she administered a nursery in the North End of Boston. In 1842, Caroline began teaching at Georgetown Female Seminary, where she met Unitarian minister Charles Dall, whom she would marry in 1844. </span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Once married, Caroline was increasingly involved in women’s suffrage causes. A gifted and prolific writer, reformer, and activist, she became a staunch advocate for women’s rights. Caroline and Charles lived in Toronto in the early 1850s. By 1855, Charles Dall had traveled alone to India to work as a Unitarian missionary, returning only once to America before his death in 1886.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>For many years, Caroline was actively involved in the Boston women’s rights movement. One of her many important books, <em>The College, the Market, and the Court</em> (1867), based on a series of lectures she gave in Boston in 1861-1862, is a collection of essays about women’s rights, education, economic advancement, and protection under the law. </span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Her other publications include <em>Historical Pictures Retouched: a Volume of Miscellanies</em> (1859), in which she discusses lesser-known important women from history, <em>Essays and Sketches </em>(1849), and <a href="https://archive.org/details/womansrightsunde00dall/page/n5/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Women's Rights Under the Law: In Three Lectures, Delivered in Boston, January, 1861</em></a> (1862).</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>In 1865, Dall helped found the American Social Science Association. Along with suffragist Paulina Davis, Caroline Dall founded both the New England Women’s Rights Convention and <em>Una</em>, a journal devoted to advocating for women’s rights. Because of these activities, she is often associated with fellow activist, Transcendentalist, and journalist Margaret Fuller regarding their advocacy for the advancement of women.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Later in life, Caroline distanced herself from the women’s rights movement and published such eclectic and diverse works as Egypt (<em>Egypt's Place in History</em> 1868), the Civil War (<em>Patty Gray's Journey</em>, three volumes for children, 1869–70), and <em>What We Really Know About Shakespeare</em> (1885), <em>The Life of Dr. Anandabai Joshee</em> (1888), <a href="https://archive.org/details/margaretherfrien00dall" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Margaret and Her Friends: Ten Conversations with Margaret Fuller</em></a> (1895), and <em>Transcendentalism in New England</em> (1897). In her 70s, she continued lecturing and giving sermons at the Unitarian Church.<br /><br />After several years of suffering from arthritis, Caroline died of pneumonia on December 17, 1912, at the age of 90.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Vezeau%2C+Keith">Vezeau, Keith</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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GILES, Miss Ella A.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+poets%2C+American">Women poets, American</a>
<p>Ella A. Giles was born near Madison, Wisconsin, on February 2, 1851. Growing up in the home of a father who was a philanthropist and a mother who fostered Ella’s love of art and literature, she pursued interests in those areas throughout her life. As her<span> </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span> </span>profile notes, “She early showed musical talent. Her fine voice was carefully cultivated by Hans Balatka. She was quite distinguished as an oratorio and church singer when her health failed and she was compelled to abandon what promised to be a successful career in music.” (320)<br /><br />Although her dream was not to be, the resilient Ella was determined to make her mark. Turning to literary pursuits, she wrote<em><span> </span>Bachelor Ben</em>, her first novel, which was published in 1875 by Madison publishers Atwood & Culver and Chicago publishers Janson, McClurg & Co. It was reviewed by numerous periodicals, including<span> </span><em>Literary World</em><span> </span>(August 1, 1875) and<span> </span><em>Saturday Review</em><span> </span>(September 25, 1875) and sold one thousand volumes in just sixty days. (<em>Los Angeles Herald</em>) The next year, she published<span> </span><em>Out from the Shadows</em>, which was reviewed by<span> </span><em>The Independent</em><span> </span>on June 15, 1876, and by several other periodicals. In 1879, Ella's newest book,<span> </span><em>Maiden Rachel</em>, appeared on the shelves of bookstores and libraries. Like her earlier work, it was reviewed by<span> </span><em>The Independent<span> </span></em>(August 7, 1879),<span> </span><em>Literary World<span> </span></em>(July 5, 1879), and other periodicals. Madison readers would have had an opportunity to meet the author, as Ella became a librarian at the Madison Public Library that year. She remained at the library for five years while giving public talks, writing, and publicizing other writers. On May 21, 1882, Ella penned “The West’s Literature” for a Wisconsin newspaper, promoting the growing literature of her section of the country. <br /><br />In 1884, while caring for her father, Ella wrote poetry and social science articles. She published<span> </span><em>Flowers of the Spirit</em>, a volume of her poetry, in 1891. As one of the leaders of the Contemporary Club, she also hosted literary gatherings on topics such as Browning, Emerson, and political economy. (“Unitarian Church Became Established Here in 1869” -<span> </span><em>Los Angeles Herald</em><span> </span>) As “Old Days on West Wilson Street,” a 1922<span> </span><em>Capital Times</em><span> </span>article, recalled, "One of the most attractive of the literary salons of Wisconsin was modestly but most delightfully held at Miss Giles’ [sic] home during her life in Madison. Her friend, Miss Zona Gale, was often a sharer in the pleasures of the gatherings, and a member of the home circle for several winters while a student at the university.” Ella also fought for women’s rights as a member of The Association for the Advancement of Women. (<em>Los Angeles Herald)<span> </span></em> </p>
<p>Although she lived in Wisconsin, Ella traveled frequently. One of those trips was to Yellowstone National Park with the Wisconsin Press Association. <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/114" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stella A. Gaines Fifield</a>, a Wisconsin journalist who is in<span> </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em>, and her husband were in the same Pullman sleeper car as Ella during this Northern Pacific Railroad excursion. Ella spent winters in warmer climates.<br /><br />After her father passed away in May of 1895, Ella decided to make Los Angeles her home.<span> </span><em>The Los Angeles Herald<span> </span></em>celebrated Ella’s entrance into the city with a lengthy laudatory<span> </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1895-09-29/ed-1/seq-18/#date1=1868&index=1&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=A+ELLA+GILES&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Ella+A.+Giles&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article</a><span> </span>on September 29th. It concluded with praise from the newspaper and a friend: “Miss Giles possesses the rare quality of magnetism and unconsciously draws people about her. As a friend said of her, she has no sullen brow, no sarcastic smile and no bitter word for a sister’s success; but her cheerful ‘she deserves it all’ is as ready as her warm hand.”</p>
<p>Ella married journalist George Drake Ruddy in 1896. While in Los Angeles, she expanded her social network, getting to know author Hattie Tyng Griswold, Caroline Severance, and numerous others.<br /><br />By 1902, Ella and George were living at Mission Cottage on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles. She was President of the California Badger Club of Los Angeles and wrote<span> </span><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t08w3bt46" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Club Etiquette: A Conversation between a Club Woman and a Non-member Who Answer the Calling Question over the Tea-Cups</em></a>. </p>
<p>During the Summer of 1904, Ella traveled from California to Short Beach, Connecticut to visit Ella Wheeler Wilcox, her long-time friend and fellow poet, at her spectacular warm-weather home. While on the way, Ella stopped in Boston to visit the homes of Longfellow and Lowell, as well as in Concord to see where Emerson, Hawthorne, and the Alcotts had lived. The two Wisconsin natives collaborated on a book,<span> </span><em>Around the Year,<span> </span></em>which was published that year. The next year, Ella wrote the "Description of Mrs. Wilcox's Home and Life" for her friend's autobiography,<em><span> </span>The Story of A Literary Career. <span> </span></em>She continued to write poetry, publishing<em><span> </span>Lace O' Me Life</em><span> </span>in 1916.</p>
<p>Ella passed away in Los Angeles on June 26, 1917. She is buried in Madison’s Forest Hill Cemetery.</p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WILLARD, Mrs. Allie C.
<span>Alice "Allie" C. Rosseter Willard was born on April 13, 1860, near Nauvoo, Illinois. During her childhood, Allie's family moved to Grand City, Nebraska, then to Loup City, Nebraska. An avid learner, she dedicated herself to her studies. Interested in a career in business, Allie studied the field and became affiliated with a printing office. On August 30, 1880, she began her five-year career as the U.S. postmaster for Loup City.</span><br /><br /><span>Allie married Osmond Willard in 1881, after a long courtship, and became the mother of five children. Somehow, she also found time to work with Osmond on his newspaper, </span><em>The Loup City Times,<span> </span></em><span>writing editorials and articles. </span><br /><br /><span>After Osmond was assassinated by a rival publisher in May of 1887, due to his paper's opposition to a political ring, Allie became editor of</span><em><span> </span>The Loup City Times</em><span>. Since she had been working closely with Osmond and had gained a wide professional network by attending conventions with him, Allie was well prepared to succeed her husband. She boosted her business acumen by attending business college and briefly served as a clerk in the Nebraska Senate. Allie was a member of the Nebraska Press Association and became affiliated with the Western Newspaper Union in 1889.</span><br /><br /><span>In addition, Allie was active with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, advocated for other reforms, and participated in philanthropic work.</span><br /><br /><span>After meeting many people during her travels abroad, Allie became associated with </span><em>The London Signal</em><span>,</span><span> owned by Lady Henry Somerset, in 1895.</span><br /><br /><span>By 1900, Allie was living in Washington, D.C. and working as a librarian. Ten years later, she was living in Chicago, Illinois, and working as a stenographer in the railroad industry.</span><br /><br /><span>Her "</span><a href="https://archive.org/details/ourownladysketch00will/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Our Own Lady"<span> </span></em></a><span>was published in 1931. As Allie wrote in the introduction, it was a "little book of biography, history and poetry about (Mrs.) Bertha Baur, because she is <em>our</em> own lady." Bertha Elizabeth Duppler Baur was a successful businesswoman, political activist, and suffrage advocate who was living in Chicago at the time.</span><br /><br /><span>Allie passed away in Chicago on September 12, 1936.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BAILEY, Mrs. Lepha Eliza
<span>Author, lecturer, and reformer Lepha Eliza Bailey was born in Battle Creek, Michigan on January 21, 1841. She began her writing career by contributing to newspapers. Lepha married Lewis Bailey in 1873 and started a family. They lived in Battle Creek for many years.</span><br /><br /><span>Lepha edited </span><em>Our Age</em><span> and was a contributor to </span><em>Grange Visitor</em><span>. She was a member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Sovereigns of Industry, Independent Order of Good Templars, Grangers, National Prohibition Alliance, and the Prohibition Party.</span><br /><br /><span>Beginning in the 1880s, Lepha spoke around the United States on temperance. In January of 1901, when she was living in New York City and was scheduled to speak in Johnson City, Tennessee, that city's </span><em><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89058128/1901-01-17/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1870&sort=date&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=13&words=Bailey+E+L+Mrs+temperance&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Bailey+temperance&phrasetext=Mrs.+L.+E.+Bailey&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Comet</a></em><span> described Lepha as the National Organizer for the W.C.T.U., praised her achievements, mentioned her work with Frances Willard, and listed positive comments from other newspapers. The article finished by noting, "If you fail to hear this noted speaker you will miss a rare opportunity." Later that year, Rev. C. E. Scudder praised her work in Pennsylvania at length in </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87080417/1901-06-14/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1870&sort=date&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=14&words=Bailey+E+L+Mrs+temperance+Temperance&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Bailey+temperance&phrasetext=Mrs.+L.+E.+Bailey&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Pike County Press</em></a><span>. Scudder wrote:</span><br /><br /><span>"One could hardly conceive how a human being could put forth such untiring efforts, speaking in colleges and public schools, and holding ladies' parlor meetings during the day, traveling and speaking to crowded houses, frequently so full that standing room was impossible. Yet her brain never seemed to weary while dwelling upon the all absorbing theme, the crushing out of the liquor traffic. Her clearness of thought as regards methods, her kindly, though energetic, forcible language, so convincing, won many, to action and duty. May God send more such lecturers into the whitened field."</span><br /><span> </span><br /><span>When Lepha and her daughter Viola visited her son Victor and his family in Caribou, Minnesota during the first decade of the twentieth century, she </span><a href="http://kittsonhistorian.ning.com/group/churchesofkittsoncounty" target="_blank" rel="noopener">learned that the area lacked a church and Sunday school.</a><span> Lepha purchased land to summer there, and church services were held on her property. Eventually, she had a church built on the property.</span><br /><br /><span>By 1920, Lepha was living with her daughter Viola in Lake Worth, Palm Beach, Florida. Lepha passed away in Lake Worth on May 1, 1924, and was buried in Lake Worth's </span><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/49086334/lepha-eliza-bailey" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pinecrest Cemetery.</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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ALDRICH, Miss Susanna Valentine
<p><span>Author Susanna Valentine Aldrich was born in Hopkinton, MA on November 14, 1828. She later lived in Roxbury, MA.</span></p>
<p>Having loved writing from an early age, Susanna became a contributor to periodicals and magazines. She also was a very talented hymn writer.<br /><span></span></p>
<p><span>Susanna passed away on November 30, 1905 and was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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ACHESON, Mrs. Sarah C.
Temperance worker Sarah C. Acheson was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, on February 20, 1844.<br /><br />Sarah, sometimes known as Sadie, married Dr. Alexander Wilson Acheson and became the mother to several children. The family moved to Denison, Texas, in the 1870s.<br /><br />She served as the first president the Woman's Christian Temperance Unon of Texas and wrote for its publication, <em>The White Ribbon</em>. Sarah, along with <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/51" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dr. Ellen Lawson Dabbs</a>, Elizabeth Turner Fry, and several other women, was a charter member of the Texas Equal Rights Association. In addition, she was very involved with philanthropic work in Denison.<br /><br />Sarah passed away in Denison on January 16, 1899, She was buried in Fairview Cemetery. On May 12 of that year, the Texas WCTU held a memorial service for Sarah at its convention in Denison.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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VERY, Miss Lydia Louisa Anna
<p>Lydia Louisa Anna Very was born on November 2, 1823, in Salem, Massachusetts, the youngest child of Jones and Lydia Very. Her father passed away when Lydia was just a year old. </p>
<p>In <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097959478;view=1up;seq=266;size=125">December of 1841</a>, Lydia began teaching at Mason Street Public School in Salem, and by <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuo.ark:/13960/t5hb1st4v;view=1up;seq=178">1860</a>, she was serving as principal. She continued in this capacity until the end of the 1871-1872 academic year, The next school year, she became principal of<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.097959478;view=1up;seq=399"> Dunlap Street School.</a></p>
<p>While busy with her career in education, Lydia also found time to create paintings and clay models, to write poetry and prose, and to design and illustrate books. Her design for the book “Red Riding Hood,” in the shape of the main character, was innovative and very popular.</p>
<p>An advocate of <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88053046/1901-04-04/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&index=5&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=A+L+Lydia+Very&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=+&phrasetext=Lydia+L.+A.+Very&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1">corporal punishment for children</a>, Lydia wrote to Charles Brown Lore, Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court, in the Spring of 1901 to support his views on this issue. She passed away later that year, on September 10, 1901 and was buried in Old South Cemetery in Peabody, Massachusetts.</p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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McCULLOCH, Mrs. Catharine Waugh
<p><span>Catharine Waugh McCulloch was born in Ransomville, New York, on June 4, 1862. She graduated from Rockford Female Seminary, earning both a bachelor's degree and master's degree, and attended Union College of Law.<br /><br />A temperance advocate from an early age, Catharine was a member of the Young Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Also passionate about suffrage, she <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059522/1887-12-07/ed-1/seq-7/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=0&words=Catharine+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">passed out</a> a pro-suffrage speech to counter the anti-suffrage speech that her town's Presbyterian minister was giving. <br /><br />Catharine practiced law with Frank</span><span> Hathorn McCulloch, a law school classmate whom she married on May 30, 1890, in Winnebago, Illinois. Their firm was known as McCulloch & McCulloch.</span><br /><br /><span>Catharine spoke at many events in support of suffrage. At the Cleveland convention in 1896, she and Julia Holmes Smith each presented </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1896-07-09/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=12&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">an argument</a><span> for the Democratic Party supporting suffrage. </span><br /><br /><span>One milestone in Catharine's legal career was on February 21, 1898, when she was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court.</span><br /><br /><span>By 1900, Catharine was listed as a lawyer living at 2236 Orrington Avenue in Evanston with her husband and her children, Hugh and Hathorn. </span><br /><br /><span>Catharine and Frank filed an </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1906-05-27/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=15&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">argument and brief</a><span> in Chicago in support of municipal suffrage for women in late May of 1906. The next year, when Catharine was elected justice of the peace for Evanston, and the first female justice of the peace in the country, she changed the </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1907-04-07/ed-1/seq-21/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=16&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">marriage contract</a><span> to omit the wording that a woman must obey her husband.</span><br /><br /><span>The McCullochs took a four-month trip to Europe during the summer of 1908 and visited several countries. By this time, their family had had expanded to include two younger children, Catharine and Frank. </span><br /><br /><span>Catharine spoke before the Society of Anthropology in 1909, making an </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1909-02-21/ed-1/seq-21/#date1=1777&index=7&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Catharine+McCulloch+W&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+W.+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">argument<span> </span></a><span>that "woman was the originator of most of the good things in the world." After praising women from Eve on, she asked her audience to vote on woman suffrage and got a positive result.</span><br /><span></span></p>
<p><span>Catharine was the legal advisor for the National American Woman Suffrage Association, while also serving as an auditor, and later the Vice-President. At the time of the 1912 Presidential campaign, Catharine insisted that the Republican Party would suffer the wrath of the suffragists if suffrage was not included in the platform. </span><br /><br /><span>Later that year, she placed an ad in the </span><em>Rock Island Argus</em><span> that she would pay one dollar for every one hundred signatures collected in support of Illinois suffrage. While she toiled mightily for suffrage, Catharine was quite vocal in her opposition to the </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92053934/1913-10-11/ed-1/seq-16/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=16&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"militant methods"</a><span> of British suffrage leader Emmeline Pankhurst. Her efforts were successful and Illinois women gained suffrage in 1913. </span><br /><br /><span>Catharine was overjoyed when the Illinois Democratic state convention selected her as a 1916 delegate for Woodrow Wison, </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86076367/1916-09-27/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=19&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">commenting</a><span>, "The Democratic party has, indeed, put itself out to honor womanhood." She continued her efforts for suffrage for Illinois women in February of 1917, arguing for an amendment, against Grace Wilbur Trout, who believed that a convention alone would suffice. Unfortunately for Catharine, the constitutional convention route was chosen by the time September came. According to </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92053240/1917-09-28/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=8&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Free-Trader Journal</em></a><span>, Catharine wanted to unify women in the state, so she agreed to support the constitutional convention. Catharine continued to speak in Iowa and other states in support of suffrage.</span><br /><br /><span>Once the League of Women Voters was founded in 1919, Catharine was involved with this organization. By 1922, she was the chair of the committee on uniform laws. According to Washington D.C.'s </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1922-04-16/ed-1/seq-35/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=11&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=5"><em>Evening Star,</em></a><span> this committee advocated for several issues related to marriage and motherhood.</span><br /><br /><span>A 1926 </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063730/1926-12-16/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=12&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article</a><span> by Lillian Campbell celebrated Catharine's forty years of having success in her law practice. After mentioning some of her professional accomplishments, it notes, "She is the mother of four children, all university graduates, and two of her sons practice law with their father and mother."</span><br /><br /><span>Catharine continued being active in the Democratic Party, speaking at the conventions of the National Woman's Democratic Law Enforcement League in 1929 and 1931, and serving as its Second Vice President from 1929 until at least 1932. She also served her country as a member of the </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn2008060406/1930-07-01/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=15&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Committee on Cultural Relations with Latin America</a><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>During her long career, in addition to her work in the field of law and her suffrage work, Catharine found time to advocate for temperance, to serve as legal advisor to the W.C.T.U., to write books and plays., and to participate in numerous organizations in the Chicago area. </span><br /><br /><span>Catharine passed away in Evanston on April 20, 1945, and was buried three days later in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WEISS, Mrs. Susan Archer
Susan Archer Talley Weiss was born in Hanover County, VA on February 14. A Woman of the Century lists her birth year as 1835, but other sources list it as 1822. Her family moved to Richmond when Susan was eight, and she lost her ability to hear two years later, due to Scarlet Fever. <br /><br />With the support of her father and her cousin, sculptor Alexander Galt, Susan cultivated her artistic and writing talents. She published in <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/113" target="_blank"><em>The Southern Literary Messenger</em></a> when she was eleven and began her writing career. During her career, she contributed many <a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl?c=moajrnl&cc=moajrnl&key=author&page=browse&value=Talley&Submit=Submit" target="_blank">pieces</a> to this prominent Richmond periodical. Susan's work was also available in book form, as Rudd & Carleton published her <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t5gb2z460;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank">Poems</a> in 1859. On October 26, <em>The Richmond Dispatch</em> included an <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024738/1859-10-26/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=18&words=Archer+Susan+Talley&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Susan+Archer+Talley&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank">advertisement</a> noting that Susan's book was being sold for seventy-five cents at Randolph's Bookstore and Bindery on Main Street in Richmond. <em>The Nationa Era</em> <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026752/1859-11-10/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=19&words=Archer+Susan+Talley&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Susan+Archer+Talley&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank">reviewed</a> her book on November 10, 1859.<br /><br />Susan's personal network in Richmond included Benjamin B. Minor, editor of <em>The Southern Literary Messenger</em>, Edgar Allan Poe, Rosalie Poe, and sculptor Edward Virginius Valentine. <br /><br />Her lengthy poem <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=dul1.ark:/13960/t8z902596;view=1up;seq=2" target="_blank">"The Battle of Manassas"</a> was published as a broadside in Richmond on August 3, 1861. When living in Norfolk during the Civil War, Susan apparently served as a <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/31929632" target="_blank">spy</a>, was caught, and spent time in confinement.<br /><br />She married Colonel Louis Weiss of the Union Army, started a family and moved to New York City. However, Susan's personal life was not a happy one and the couple divorced. Focusing on her writing to support herself and her son, Susan penned pieces for newspapers and magazines such as <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/32" target="_blank"><em>Scribner's Monthly</em></a> ("<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000011751272;view=1up;seq=992" target="_blank">Peter Bloch. A Hartz Legend,"</a> September 1871), <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/226" target="_blank"><em>The Aldine</em></a> ("The Best to Come," June 1875), <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/31" target="_blank"><em>Century Magazine</em> </a>("The Last Days of Poe," April 1878), <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank"><em>Harper's Magazine </em></a>(May 1878), <em>Wide Awake</em> (June 1886), and <em>The People's Home Journal</em> (1904).<br /><br />In 1907, Broadway Publishing Company published Susan's <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33930" target="_blank"><em>The</em> <em>Home Life of Poe</em>.</a><br /><br />During her later years, she lived in Richmond with her son. She passed away there on April 7, 1917 and was buried in Riverview Cemetery.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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MCKINNEY, Mrs. Kate Slaughter
<span>Author and poet Kate Slaughter McKinney was born in London, Kentucky, on February 6, 1857. By 1870, her family lived in Kirksville, Kentucky. Interested in writing from an early age, she published her first work at fifteen in the </span><em>Louisville Courier-Journal</em><span>. Kate graduated from Daughters' College in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, in 1876.</span><br /><br /><span>On May 6, 1878, Kate married James I. McKinney. In 1880, the couple lived in Richmond, Kentucky. The McKinneys made their home in Mount Vernon, Illinois, in the late 1880s. She published a book of poetry, </span><a href="https://archive.org/details/katydidspoems00mcki" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Katydid's Poems,<span> </span></em></a><span>in 1887.</span><br /><br /><span>In the early 1890s, Kate and James moved to Montgomery, Alabama, where they lived for many years. She continued to publish into the twentieth century.</span><br /><br /><span>Kate passed away in Montgomery, Alabama, on March 2, 1939.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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ROHLFS, Mrs. Anna Katharine Green
Anna Katharine Green, Rohlfs was born in Brooklyn, NY to James Wilson Green and Catharine Ann Whitney on November 11, 1846. She attended Ripley Female College (now Green Mountain College) in Poultney, VT, graduated in 1866 and moved back to NY to live with her extended family. Eventually, she got married to Charles Rohlfs, an actor and stove designer who later became an internationally acclaimed furniture designer on<span> November 25, 1884. Mrs. Rohlfs and her husband raised three children; a daughter, Rosamund, and two sons, Sterling and Roland in Buffalo, NY. </span><br /><br />Anna became a popular author and novelist. Her early poetic ambitions were bolstered by a meeting with Ralph Waldo Emerson. S<span>he was one of the first writers in the detective fiction genre, and Edgar Allan Poe, Wilkie Collins, and Metta Victor were virtually her only predecessors in the writing of such fiction. Anna had the advantage of her <span>father, James Wilson Green's career having a major influence on her as he was an attorney who practiced in New York and was involved in many criminal cases</span>. Her most famous detective novels include her first novel, which has been regarded as the first American detective novel, The Leavenworth Case (1878) and Marked "Personal" (1893).</span> Other popular works of hers include, The Defense of the Bride and other poem<em>s</em>, Risifi’s Daughter <span>The Sword of Damocles" (1881), "Hand and Ring" (1883), "X. Y. Z." (1883), "A Strange Disappearance "(1885), "The Mill Mystery" (1886), "7 to 12" (1887), "Behind Closed Doors" (1888). "The Forsaken Inn" (1890). "A Matter of Millions" (1890), "The Old Stone House" (1891), "Cynthia Wakeham's Money" (1892). </span><br /><br /><br />She passed away on April 11, 1935 at her home in Buffalo. <br /><br /><br />
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Diallo%2C+Binta">Diallo, Binta</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BALLOU, Miss Ella Maria
Stenographer Ella Maria Ballou was born in Wallingford, VT on November 15, 1852. After attending Wallingford High School, Ella became a teacher.<br /><br />In 1885, she became the first female reporter for the Rutland County Court. Later, she added Addison County to her duties.<br />Ella also was a writer.<br /><br />Ella passed away on July 29, 1937 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery, Wallingford, VT.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Stevenson%2C+Michael">Stevenson, Michael</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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HOLMES, Mrs. Mary Emma
<span>Mary Emma Smith Holmes was born on a farm near Peoria, Illinois on August 3, 1839. </span><br /><br /><span>A dedicated reformer, she was a member of the Equal Suffrage Association, and the National American Woman Suffrage Association. In addition, Mary Emma was a leader of the Illinois Woman's Christian Temperance Union.</span><br /><br /><span>On May 18, 1937, just a week after she received the title of "mother" of the Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs because she was the oldest living member, Mary Emma passed away at age ninety-seven. She was buried in Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago, Illinois.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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MOTT, Mrs. Lucretia
<span>Reformer Lucretia Coffin Mott was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, on January 3, 1793. She was related to Nantucket natives Anna Gardnerm <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/65" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rev. Phebe Anne Hanaford</a>, and <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/119" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Juliet H. Severance, </a></span><span>as well as to Benjamin Franklin.<br /></span><br /><span>Lucretia's Quaker family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, and then to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She went to Millbrook, New York, to attend Nine Partners School, a Quaker school, where she met James Mott, a teacher at the school. Lucretia and James were married in 1811. After graduating from Nine Partners School, she taught there. Later, Lucretia became a Quaker minister. James and Lucretia made their home in Philadelphia.</span><br /><br /><span>Throughout her life, Lucretia was active in reform efforts, writing and speaking eloquently and passionately about the topics that she believed in, as well as organizing and attending meetings and conventions. Lucretia was instrumental in the founding of the Philadelphia Fema</span><span>le Anti-Slavery Society in 1834. She also was very involved with the Pennsylvania Peace Society, the American Anti-Slavery Society, and women's suffrage activities. She, her sister Martha Coffin Wright, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were the movers behind the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. She also worked closely with <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/43" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lucy Stone</a> and Susan Brownell Anthony. Since she was very interested in supporting higher education, Lucretia was one of the founders of Swarthmore College and actively supported the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. </span><br /><br /><span>In addition to the individuals mentioned above, her vast personal network included numerous people, including Rachel Foster Avery, Amanda Deyo, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/191" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mary J. Scarlett Dixon</a>, Frederick Douglass, Priscilla Holmes Drake, William Lloyd Garrison, Anna Davis Hallowell, Agnes Nininger Kemp, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/29" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Martha H. Mowry</a>, Wendell Phillips, M. Adeline Thompson, and John Greenleaf Whittier.</span><br /><br /><span>Lucretia passed away in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 11, 1880.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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OLMSTED, Mrs. Elizabeth Martha
<span>Poet and lyricist Elizabeth Martha Allen Olmsted was born in Caledonia, New York, on December 31, 1825. She graduated from Ingham University in Le Roy, New York in 1847. Soon after graduation, her graduation poem was published in <em>The </em></span><em>United States Democratic Review.</em><br /><br /><span>Elizabeth married John Randolph Olmsted in 1853 and became the mother of six children. The family lived in Le Roy. She also continued to publish poems, and her works appeared in </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Independent</em></a><span>,</span><em> The Little Corporal</em><span>, </span><em>The Little Pilgrim</em><span>, and other periodicals. </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sara Jane Lippincott</a><span> and Theodore Tilton were two editors she was associated with.</span><br /><br /><span>In addition to her career as a poet, Elizabeth was a lyricist. She wrote the lyrics for </span><em>Alumnae Re-union: Welcome Song</em><span>, </span><span>published in 1870, and Henri Appy wrote the music.</span><br /><br /><span>Elizabeth published </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t71v62n65;view=1up;seq=13" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Poems Of The House And Other Poems</em></a><span>, which she dedicated to her children, in 1903. </span><br /><br /><span>She passed away on February 7, 1910.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WINSLOW, Mrs. Celeste M.A.
<span>Celeste M. A. Winslow was born in Charlemont, Massachusetts, on November 22, 1837. </span><br /><br /><span>A prolific writer, Celeste penned articles for numerous periodicals. Her poem</span><span class="resfieldlabel"><span> </span></span><a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrn1;cc=moajrn1;q1=Winslow;rgn=author;view=image;seq=0716;idno=atla0037-6;node=atla0037-6%3A9">"Perplexed"</a><span> appeared in </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span> in June 1876, while her poem </span><a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrn1;cc=moajrn1;q1=Winslow;rgn=author;view=image;seq=0440;idno=atla0044-4;node=atla0044-4%3A2">"Ah, Dawn, Delay"</a><span> graced the pages of the same magazine in October 1879. Another poem, </span><a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrn2;cc=moajrn2;q1=Winslow;rgn=author;view=image;seq=0952;idno=scmo0022-6;node=scmo0022-6%3A19">"Change,"</a><span> was published in </span><em>Scribner's Monthly</em><span> in October 1881. She also wrote for <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Independent</em></a>, penning <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88064537/1886-06-12/ed-1/seq-6/#date1=1845&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=A+Celeste+M+Winslow&proxdistance=5&date2=1904&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Celeste+M.+A.+Winslow&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"The Robin"</a>, which was reprinted in other periodicals, in 1886."</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BISHOP, Mrs. Mary Agnes Dalrymple
Mary Agnes Dalyrmple Bishop was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on August 12, 1857. Her family moved to Grafton, Massachusetts when she was less than two years old. Mary Agnes began writing for local papers at age eleven and was editor of <em>The Grafton Herald</em> when she was just sixteen. <br /><br />After graduating from high school, she taught in the public schools of Grafton and Sutton, Massachusetts for many years Mary Agnes also lectured frequently in her area and acted in home dramas, often as Lady Macbeth She continued writing and was a frequent contributorm although often an anonymous one, to <em>Youth’s Companion</em> and other periodicals<br /><br />Mary Agnes was one of the earliest members of the <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/179" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New England Woman’s Press Association</a> , attending meetings since 1886, and she served on its Executive Committee. Writing of her career at the time that the New England Woman's Press Association began, she noted that she was a ""regular correspondent of the <em>Boston Globe</em> and with the Associated Press" (Lord, 23). Some of her colleagues in the New England Woman's Press Association were Estelle M. Hatch, Sallie Joy White, Kate Tannatt Woods, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/45">Alice Stone Blackwell</a>, Cora Stuart Wheeler, Helen Maria Winslow, and Lavinia Stella Goodwin, Esther T. Housh, Maud Howe Elliott, and <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/43" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lucy Stone</a>.<br /><br />In 1887, Mary Agnes became editor on the <em>Massachusetts Ploughman</em>. As her A Woman of the Century profile notes:<br /><br />
<div>“The position offered her had never been taken by a woman, and, indeed, the work that she did was never attempted previously, for she had the charge of almost the entire journal from the first. A few months after she accepted the position, the proprietor died, and the entire paper was in her hands for six months.” <em>(<a href="https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_zXEEAAAAYAAJ#page/n90/mode/1up/search/Bishop" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A Woman of the Century,</a></em><a href="https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_zXEEAAAAYAAJ#page/n90/mode/1up/search/Bishop" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> p. 86)<br /><br /></a><br />
<div>Mary Agnes married Frederick Herbert Bishop, a Boston businessman, in 1889, and the couple lived in Wollaston Heights, Massachusetts. She continued her editorial work and was a practical reportorial stenographer. In addition, Mary Agnes still found time to pursue her literary career.<br /><br />She served as <a href="The%20Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.), April 19, 1917, Page 7, Image 7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"toastmistress"</a> at a New England Press Association tribute to journalist Mary Boyle O'Reilly in 1917. Helen Maria Winslow introduced O'Reilly, who spoke about her journalistic activities during World War I at this Hotel Bellevue event. The next year, she represented the New England Woman's Press Association at a woman's conference in Arkansas.</div>
<br /><br /></div>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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MILLER, Mrs. Emily Huntington
Emily Huntington Miller was born in Brooklyn, Connecticut, on October 22, 1833. She was a writer from a young age, and she graduated from Oberlin College. <br /><br />In 1860, Emily married John E. Miller, whose career achievements included being a principal, a professor, and the publisher of <em>Little Corporal</em>, which later merged with <em>St. Nicholas</em>. Emily, John, and their children lived in Granville, Illinois, Plainfield, Illinois, Evanston, Illinois, and St. Paul, Minnesota. Emily wrote for and edited <em>Little Corporal</em>, and she contributed to newspapers and periodicals such as <em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harper's Magazine</a></em>,<em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Independent</a></em>, and <em>Our Young Folks</em>. A prolific author, Emily penned several books, including <em>The Royal Road to Fortune</em> (1869), <em>Hang Up the Baby's Stocking</em> (1870), <em>The Parish of Fair Haven</em> (1876), <em>What Tommy Did</em> (1876), <em>The Bears' Den</em> (1877), <em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4517754;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Captain Fritz: His Friends and Adventures</a></em> (1877), <em>Summer Days at Kirkwood</em> (1877), <em>A Year at Riverside Farm</em> (1877), and <em>Little Neighbors</em> (1879). Also a lyricist, she wrote the words for <em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015096689339;view=1up;seq=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Only Four! Song and Chorus </a></em>(1868), by George F. Root. In addition to her literary career, she was involved with missionary and Sunday school work for the Methodist Episcopal Church. From its start in 1874, Emily was active in the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. She also was an early temperance advocate. <br /><br />After John's death in 1882, Emily continued her literary activity. She wrote for various periodicals, including <em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Atlantic Monthly</a></em> and <em>Ladies' Home Journal</em>,and published books of prose, poetry, and lyrics, including <em>Home Talks about the Word: For Mothers and Children</em> (1894), <em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuo.ark:/13960/t9285290d;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Songs from the Nest </a></em>(1894), <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433066650940;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>From Avalon, and Other Poems</em> </a>(1896), and <em>An Offering of Thanks</em> (1899). <br /><br />Emily became president of the Woman's College of Northwestern University in 1891, and served as president of the Chautauqua Woman's Club for several years. <br /><br />She passed away on November 2, 1913.<em><br /><br /></em>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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SHEARDOWN, Mrs. Annie Fillmore
<span>Annie Fillmore Sheardown, daughter of John and Olma J. Burdick, was born in Franklin, Connecticut on June 8, 1856, and spent her youth living in Franklin and Norwich, Connecticut. Passionate about music, she began lessons at a very early age. By 1880, Annie was teaching music. She was married to Thomas W. Sheardown for five years during the 1880s, but the couple separated.</span><br /><br /><span>Over the course of her life, Annie studied with several teachers, including C. R. Hayden, Emma Seiler, and George Sweet. Inspired by Seiler's membership in the American Philosophical Society, Annie wrote to the Society's President on </span><a href="https://diglib.amphilsoc.org/islandora/object/annie-fillmore-sheardown-president-aps#page/1/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">November 4, 1891</a><span>, requesting information about becoming a member.</span><br /><br /><span>Annie's April 1892 essay in </span><em>Werner's Voice Magazine,</em><span> "The Philosophy of the Voice in Singing," presented several of her ideas about scientific voice study. In addition, she contributed "The Voice of The Future " to Volume V (November 1893 - April 1894) of </span><em>Music: A Monthly Magazine, Devoted to the Art, Science, Technic and Literature of Music.</em><span> In this essay, Annie advocated for her ideas about studying voice, noting, "There is no royal road to learning, but good intelligent study may accomplish wonders" (162). She also praised her mentor, Emma Seiler.</span><br /><br /><span>By 1900, Annie was living with her father at 400 Franklin Street in Norwich, Connecticut and teaching music. She passed away on December 6, 1904, and was buried in Norwich's Yantic Cemetery.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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GREW, Miss Mary
Anti-slavery agitator and preacher Mary Grew was born in Hartford, Connecticut on September 1, 1813. She later lived in Boston, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania.<br /><br />Mary was devoted to abolition, speaking on the topic and collaborating with others to fight slavery through the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society and the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society. <br /><br />Also interested in women's rights, Mary was a founder and leader of the Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association. <br /><br />Eager to share her ideas on religion with a large audience, Mary became a Unitarian minister and preached at churches of many denominations.<br /><br />Mary passed away on October 10, 1896.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BASCOM, Mrs. Emma Curtiss
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Suffragists--United+States--Biography">Suffragists--United States--Biography</a>
<span>Woman suffragist and reformer Emma Curtiss Bascom was born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, on April 20, 1828. Her older sister </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sophia Curtiss Hoffman</a><span> is also in </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>After having attended Great Barrington Academy, Pittsfield Institute, and Patapsco Institute, Emma taught at Kinderhook Academy and Stratford Academy.</span><br /><br /><span>Emma married John Bascom, a professor at Williams College, and became the mother of several children. When John was appointed president of the University of Wisconsin in 1874, the family moved to Madison. </span><br /><br /><span>While in Wisconsin, Emma was very involved with the Wisconsin Woman Suffrage Association, The Association for the Advancement of Women, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081922704;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Woman's Centennial Commission for the State of Wisconsin</a><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>Emma passed away in 1916 and is buried with John at the University of Wisconsin.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WALLACE, Mrs. Susan Arnold Elston
<span>Susan Arnold Elston Wallace was born in Crawfordsville, Indiana, on December 25, 1830. After going to school in Quaker Hill, New York, Susan returned to Crawfordsville and later married Lew Wallace and became a mother. </span><br /><br /><span>Since her husband's career took the family to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Constantinople, Turkey, Susan had a great deal of material to write about. She wrote several books, including </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t3dz0m14t;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Land of the Pueblos</em></a><span>, and contributed to </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Independent</em></a><span>, </span><em>Literature</em><span>, </span><em>The</em><span> </span><em>New York Tribune</em><span>, and other periodicals. In addition to his political work, Lew Wallace was an author who penned </span><em>Ben-Hur</em><span>. </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/145" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zerelda Gray Wallace</a><span>, his stepmother, was a temperance reformer, woman suffragist, and author. She is also in </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>The Wallaces retired to Crawfordsville, Indiana. Both wrote, and their home was "a literary and social center" (<em>A Woman of the Century</em>, 742). Susan passed away on October 1, 1907.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
Both of the Susan Arnold Elston Wallace images are courtesy of The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum.
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BREWSTER, Miss Cora Belle
<span>Dr. Cora Belle Brewster was born in Almond, New York on September 6, 1859. She attended Alfred University and became a teacher in Smethport, Pennsylvania. Next, Cora Belle attended Northwestern University, where she decided to change career paths and went into business as a purchasing agent. A few years later, when she moved to Baltimore, Cora Belle began the study of medicine that led her to become a doctor. After starting at the Medical College for Women in Baltimore, she decided to move to Boston to study at The College of Physicians and Surgeons. Her training also included a stint at Bellevue Hospital in New York City.<br /><br />As Dr. Cora Belle began her medical career in the mid-1880s, she established a joint practice in Baltimore with</span><span> her sister Dr. Flora A. Brewster, another woman in </span><em>A Woman of the Century.</em><span> At the end of that decade, they published the </span><em>Baltimore Family Health Journal</em><span>, which later became </span><em>The Homeopathic Advocate and Health Journal</em><span>. In 1890, she became a gynecological surgeon at the new Maryland Homeopathic Hospital and Free Dispensary.</span><br /><br /><span>When Cora Belle spoke about "Heredity" at the 1895 Congress of Professional Women in Atlanta, </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025007/1895-11-14/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&index=3&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Belle+Brewster+Cora&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Cora+Belle+Brewster&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Alexandria Gazette</em></a><span> published many quotes from her address.</span><br /><br /><span>By 1899, her sanitarium was at 1027 Madison Avenue in Baltimore. The next June, she was in Washington, D.C. presenting a paper about "Reflex Ovarian Pain" at the annual conference of The American Institute of Homeopathy. Cora Belle was prominent in her field, and the 1907 </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1907-11-17/ed-1/seq-59/#words=%22Dr.%2BCora%2BBelle%22%2B%22dr.%2Bcora%2Bbelle%22%2B%22dr.%2Bcora%2Bbelle%22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>New York Tribune</em></a><span> article called her "one of the foremost women physicians in the country."</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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COCHRANE, Miss Elizabeth
Author, journalist, and traveler Elizabeth Cochrane, better known as "Nellie Bly," was born in Cochrane Mills, PA on May 5, 1867. She later lived in Indiana, PA, Pittsburgh, PA, and New York, NY<br /><br />She began her career as a writer for <em>The Pittsburgh Sunday Dispatch, </em>later serving as society editor, and she later penned many articles for<em>The New York World</em>. As she worked on her articles, she traveled to Mexico and many other places.<br /><br />Elizabeth's social network included Elizabeth Bisland, George A. Madden, Joseph J. Pulitzer, and John A. Cockerill.<br /><br />She passed away on January 27, 1922.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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ARMSTRONG, Miss Sarah B.
Sarah B. Armstrong was born in Newton, OH, on July 31, 1857. She grew up in Lebanon, OH and attended Lebanon University.<br /><br />While she began teaching art at Lebanon University, Sarah eventually pursued a career in Medicine. She moved to Ann Arbor, MI for her medical courses at the Homeopathic College of Michigan, and she later trained in New York City. Eventually, she became a physician and surgeon in Bay City, MI.<br /><br />In addition, this talented multitasker sang soprano for her Baptist church, served on the school board, worked for women's causes, and wrote poetry.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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HOOKER, Mrs. Isabella Beecher
Isabella Beecher Hooker, a member of the famous Beecher family, was born in Litchfield, CT on February 22, 1822. She was the youngest daughter of Lyman Beecher. Her family moved to Boston, MA and later to Cincinnati, OH.<br /><br />Isabella married John Hooker on August 5, 1841 and became the mother of four children. The Hookers lived in Farmington, CT until 1851, when they moved to Hartford, CT.<br /><br />In August of 1869, Isabella <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030313/1869-08-29/ed-1/seq-9/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=0&words=Beecher+Hooker+Isabella&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Isabella+Beecher+Hooker&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spoke</a> at the Woman's Convention in Newport, Rhode Island, alongside Elizabeth Cady Stanton and other women. As a member of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the New England Woman's Suffrage Association, as well as being president of the Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association, Isabella gave many speeches on behalf of women's rights. She also was a writer who contributed to <em>Putnam's Monthly</em>. <br /><br />In addition to <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/105" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Catharine Esther Beecher</a>, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/158" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>, <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/items/show/69" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Edward Beecher</a>, <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/items/show/16" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Henry Ward Beecher,</a> and her other siblings, Isabella's personal network included <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/110" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ella Bagnell Kendrick</a> and <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/43" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lucy Stone</a>.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BRINTON, Mrs. Emma Southwick
<span>Army nurse Emma Southwick Brinton was born in Peabody, Massachusetts on April 7, 1834. During the Civil War, she served as a nurse in Washington, D.C.; Petersburg, Virginia; the Sea Islands; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. </span><br /><br /><span>Later, Emma became a writer and lecturer. </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1903-05-24/ed-1/seq-28/#date1=1789&index=1&rows=20&words=Brinton+Emma+Southwick&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1943&proxtext=Emma+Southwick+Brinton&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Washington Times of May 24, 1903</a><span>, featured her "Hospital Heroines of the Civil War."</span><br /><br /><span>On April 13, 1912, Emma wrote a </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1912-04-23/ed-1/seq-8/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1943&words=BRINTON+EMMA+SOUTHWICK&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=7&state=&rows=20&proxtext=Emma+Southwick+Brinton&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Letter to the Editor</a><span> of </span><em>The Washington Times</em><span>, praising artist Francis Davis "Frank" Millet, an old friend and fellow member of the Society of Art who had perished on the Titanic. In the article, she recalled her work with his father, Dr. A. C. Millet, during the Civil War and her many meetings in the United States and abroad with Frank D. Millet.</span><br /><br /><span>Emma was active in women's rights and religious education. She served as the delegate to the International Council of Women at The Hague and the International Sunday School Convention in 1915. According to </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1913-10-08/ed-1/seq-7/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1943&words=Brinton+Emma+Southwick&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=8&state=&rows=20&proxtext=Emma+Southwick+Brinton&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Evening Star</em></a><span>, she lived at 1414 Fifteenth Street in Washington, D.C.</span><br /><br /><span>In August of 1917, during World War I, Emma </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045433/1917-08-18/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1943&words=Brinton+Emma+Southwick&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=11&state=&rows=20&proxtext=Emma+Southwick+Brinton&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">spoke</a><span> at The Church of the Covenant in Washington, D.C. about her work as a Civil War army nurse.</span><br /><br /><span>By April of 1921, when she </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045433/1921-04-04/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1789&index=2&rows=20&words=Brinton+Emma+Southwick&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1943&proxtext=Emma+Southwick+Brinton&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gathered friends to celebrate her eighty-seventh birthday</a><span>, Emma lived at 1318 Eleventh Street, Northwest in Washington, D.C.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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GREENE, Mrs. Louisa Morton
<p><span>Louisa Morton Willard Greene was born in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, on May 23, 1819. She worked in a woolen mill in Dedham, Massachusetts, where she began writing, and later taught in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.</span><br /><br /><span>After marrying businessman and politician Jonas Greene in 1841, Louisa became the mother of a son, Jonas Willard Greene, who was stillborn, two younger sons, Willard Jonas Greene and George Henry Greene, and five daughters, Martha, Estelle, Christina, Wilma, and Charlena. The family lived in Peru, Maine. </span></p>
<p><span>Louisa was involved in many philanthropic and reform activities, including ministering to the sick using the Water Cure, and participating in philanthropy, anti-slavery reform, temperance reform, and suffrage efforts. Louisa utilized her public speaking and journalistic talents on behalf of the causes she believed in.</span></p>
<p><span>Before the Civil War, Louisa wrote poetry, contributed articles to the </span><em>Oxford Democrat</em><span>, and led anti-slavery efforts in her area </span>As her daughter Christina later<span> </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83009653/1900-04-10/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1789&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Greene+GREENE+Louisa+LOUISA+M&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Louisa+M.+Greene&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">remembered</a>, Louisa was very active in the war effort: "During the civil war Mrs. Greene's patriotic labors were untiring. In addition to multitudinous household duties, which were always faithfully performed, she took upon herself the labor of collecting, preparing and forwarding hospital supplies for the boys at the front who were so dear to her heart."</p>
<p><span>In 1869, Louisa's family moved to Manassas, Virginia, residing at the home they named Birmingham. She became a widow four years later. </span></p>
<p><span>Louisa passed away in Washington, D.C. on March 5, 1900, and her ashes were buried in the family plot at St. Paul's Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia. In addition to Christina's beautiful obituary, Louisa's </span><span>daughter Estelle also penned a farewell announcement and included a</span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83009653/1900-04-10/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1789&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Greene+GREENE+Louisa+LOUISA+M&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Louisa+M.+Greene&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span> </span>poem</a><span> that she had written about her mother's passing. Within her tribute, Estelle included Louisa's motto: "Help for the living and hope for the dead."</span><br /><br /><span>At the National American Woman Suffrage Association Convention in February of 1902, it was announced that Louisa had bequeathed $100 to the organization.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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ALDRICH, Mrs. Flora L.
<span>Dr. Flora L. Aldrich was born in Westford, New York, on October 6, 1859. She married Dr. Alanson G. Aldrich in 1883 and pursued a medical career. Flora graduated from Minnesota Medical College and studied in Vienna, Austria, and in Germany. Eventually, she became a physician and surgeon in Anoka, Minnesota. </span><br /><br /><span>On August 19, 1901,</span><em> <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1901-08-10/ed-1/seq-17/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Minneapolis Journal</a></em><span> published a lengthy article about Flora's new book, </span><em>Boudoir Companion</em><span>. The article, praised Flora's book, discussed her life and career, included a photograph, and noted:</span><br /><br /><span>"Her medical studies were pursued in the best institutions of this country and Europe, and her knowledge of medicine is not only considered profound and accurate, but she is admired and respected by the medical profession everywhere."</span><br /><br /><span>In addition to her medical work, Flora was a public speaker, an author, a suffragist, a political elector, and a philanthropist. </span><span>The </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016758/1911-10-19/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1789&sort=relevance&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=5&words=Aldrich+Flora&proxdistance=5&date2=1943&ortext=&proxtext=Aldrich++Flora&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">October 19, 1911,</a><span> edition of </span><em>The Princeton Union</em><span> noted: "Dr. Flora L. S. Aldrich of Anoka delivered an interesting talk to a group of Duluth club women in that city last Friday afternoon on 'Social Hygiene.' Mrs. Aldrich is a skilled physician, a gifted writer and an interesting talker." The next week, </span><em>The Princeton Unio</em><span><em>n</em> reprinted </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059228/1920-10-13/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1789&index=12&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=ALDRICH+FLORA&proxdistance=5&date2=1943&ortext=&proxtext=Aldrich++Flora&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mary McFadden's</a><span> article from <em>T</em></span><em>he Duluth News-Tribune</em><span>, which calls Flora a suffragist and mentions the publication of her book, </span><em>The One Man</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>A Democrat, Flora appeared on the </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059228/1920-10-13/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1789&index=12&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=ALDRICH+FLORA&proxdistance=5&date2=1943&ortext=&proxtext=Aldrich++Flora&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ballot</a><span> as a Presidential Elector from Minnesota in 1920 for candidate James M. Cox.</span><br /><br /><span>Flora passed away on March 19, 1921. In May of 1921, soon after her death, the Minnesota Federation of Women's Clubs honored Flora at their </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/The%20Princeton%20union.%20(Princeton,%20Minn.),%20May%2012,%201921,%20Image%201" target="_blank" rel="noopener">convention</a><span>.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WALLACE, Mrs. Zerelda Gray
<p><span>Zerelda Gray Wallace was born in Millersburg, Bourbon County, Kentucky on August 6, 1817. She was a temperance reformer, a woman suffragist, a public speaker, and an author.</span><br /><br /><span>Zerelda spent her youth in Millersburg and her teenage years in New Castle, Kentucky and Indianapolis, Indiana. At age nineteen, she married Indiana's Lieutenant Governor, David Wallace, and became stepmother to his sons. One of those sons was Lew Wallace, who wrote <em>Ben Hur</em> and used Zerelda as the model for the mother in the book. David was elected to Congress the next year, and Zerelda spent some time in Washington, DC.</span><br /><br /><span>She was a member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, as well as the first President of Indiana's chapter, and Zerelda spoke frequently about the cause. Also very involved in the suffrage movement, Zerelda was an active participant in the Equal Suffrage Society of Indianapolis. Zerelda participated in many conventions, including the </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025759/1880-05-26/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=0&words=G+Wallace+Zerelda&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Zerelda+Wallace&phrasetext=Zerelda+G.+Wallace&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Woman Suffrage Convention</a><span> in 1880, the first International Convention of Women, the </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015679/1887-01-30/ed-1/seq-11/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=10&words=G+Wallace+Zerelda&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Zerelda+Wallace&phrasetext=Zerelda+G.+Wallace&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Suffrage Convention</a><span> in 1887, and the </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015679/1888-03-31/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1789&index=10&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=G+Wallace+Zerelda&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Zerelda+Wallace&phrasetext=Zerelda+G.+Wallace&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Women's Council</a><span> </span><span>in 1888. She also lectured about women's rights. In addition, Zerelda was involved in missionary work for her church, the Central Christian Church. </span><span>Her publications included </span><em>A Whole Humanity</em><span> (1887), </span><em>Mrs. Wallace on Equal Suffrage<span> </span></em><span>(1890), and </span><em>Suggestions of a Line of Study: For Woman Suffrage Leagues and Good Citizenship Clubs</em><span> (1891).</span><br /><br /><span>Zerelda embarked on a lengthy lecture tour in 1891. After she became seriously ill during a lecture, Susan B. Anthony and </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/69" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frances E. Willard</a><span> were just two of many friends who inquired about her health. Fortunately, Zerelda recovered from this illness, as well as another in 1896. </span><br /><br /><span>During her later years, Zerelda lived with family members in Cataract, Indiana. She passed away on March 19, 1901.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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LEONARD, Mrs. Anna Byford
<span>Anna Byford Leonard, a sanitary reformer, ceramic artist, art teacher, author, and missionary leader was born in Mount Vernon, Indiana on July 31, 1843. The daughter of William Heath Byford, a physician and surgeon who was the founder of Woman's Medical College of Chicago, Anna spent most of her life in Chicago, Illinois and later lived in New York City. </span><br /><br /><span>Anna became Chicago's first female Sanitary Inspector in 1889, and she was instrumental in the establishment of the eight-hour law. She was a strong advocate for children and women in the workplace. Anna's personal network included Rachel Foster Avery and Dr. John E. Owens. </span><br /><br /><span>By 1891, she was President of the </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059522/1892-02-28/ed-1/seq-14/#date1=1789&index=1&rows=20&words=Anna+Byford+Leonard&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1924&proxtext=Anna+Byford+Leonard&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Woman's Canning and Preserving Company</a><span>. In February of 1892, <em>The </em></span><em>St. Paul Daily Globe</em><span> noted that the company had "capital of $1,000,000" and only female stockholders.</span><br /><br /><span>Widely respected, Anna was appointed as the Sanitary Inspector for the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893.</span><br /><br /><span>In addition, Anna was a ceramic artist and art teacher. In 1894, 1897, and 1898, she contributed articles about china painting to </span><em>Art Amateur</em><span>. She lived in New York City and was active in the art world, serving as the Corresponding Secretary for the </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1896-11-15/ed-1/seq-17/#date1=1789&index=10&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Anna+B+Leonard&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Anna+B.+Leonard&phrasetext=Anna+B.+Leonard&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New York Society of Ceramic Arts</a><span>. Anna's work was exhibited at Madison Square Garden in 1896 at the National Commercial Travellers' Fair and at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City in 1901, as part of the </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1901-12-22/ed-1/seq-21/#date1=1789&index=4&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Anna+B+Leonard&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Anna+B.+Leonard&phrasetext=Anna+B.+Leonard&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exhibition</a><span> by the New York Society of Ceramic Arts. Along with</span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/exhibits/show/wococcupation/item/16" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span> </span>Rhoda Holmes Nicholls</a><span>, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, and many other artists, she was a member of the</span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86071197/1903-02-23/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1789&index=8&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Anna+B+Leonard&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Anna+B.+Leonard&phrasetext=Anna+B.+Leonard&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Arts Club</a><span> of New York City.</span><br /><br /><span>Also active in missionary work, Anna was Corresponding Secretary for the Board of Foreign Missions in 1911.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BOLTON, Mrs. Sarah Knowles
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
BURNHAM, Mrs. Clara Louise
<div>Clara Louise Burnham, born in Newton, Massachusetts,<span> </span><span>on May 25, </span>1854, spent her early years in New York City. However, her family moved to Chicago when Clara Louise was a young girl, and she lived most of her life there. She was the daughter of Mary Olive Woodman and popular composer George F. Root. Clara Louise, who married Walter Burnham, was a very popular novelist who also penned the lyrics to some of her father's works.<br /><br />Sometimes known as "Edith Douglas," Clara Louise wrote for<span> </span><em>Wide Awake</em><span> </span>early in her career. Her works also appeared in<span> </span><em>St. Nicholas</em><span> </span>and<span> </span><em>Youth's Companion</em>.<br /><br />Her early fiction from the 1880s was published by Chicago’s Henry A. Sumner and Company, while her later work was published by Houghton, Mifflin and Company of Boston and New York and by Grosset & Dunlap of New York. May O. Root, Clara Louise's sister, illustrated her 1884 novel<span> </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435009508565;view=1up;seq=13" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Dearly Bought</em></a>.</div>
<div><em><br />Literary World</em><span> </span>reviewed eight books by “Edith Douglas,” while<span> </span><em>Critic</em>, reviewed seven of her works. In addition, Clara Louise's books were noticed in<span> </span><em>Atheneum</em><span> </span>(London),<span> </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Atlantic Monthly</em></a>,<span> </span><em>Catholic World</em>,<span> </span><em>Chautauquan</em>,<span> </span><em>Dial</em>,<span> </span><em>New Orleans Daily Picayune</em>, and <em>Overland Monthly.<br /><br /></em>While she lived in Chicago, Clara Louise spent the summer months at her home, the Moorings, on Bailey Island, Maine. In 1915, she hosted actor Robert Dempster, her collaborator on an upcoming novel, at the Moorings.<br /><br />Female screen director Lois Weber adapted<span> </span><em><a href="https://archive.org/details/jewelchapterinhe00burn/page/n5/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jewel: A Chapter in Her Life</a>,<span> </span></em>Clara Louise's 1903 Christian Science novel<em>,<span> </span></em>as the film<span> </span><em>Jewel</em><span> </span>in 1915 and later as<span> </span><em>A Chapter in Her Life</em><span> </span>in 1923.<br /><br />In 1926, Clara Louise was one of many women honored at a breakfast during the Woman's World Fair in Chicago. The next year, she was honored at a dinner by the Society of Midland Authors.<br /><br />Clara Louise passed away on Monday, June 20, 1927, at the Moorings. She was buried in Harmony Vale Cemetery, North Reading, Massachusetts.</div>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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POST, Mrs. Caroline Lathrop
<span>Caroline Lathrop Post was born in Ashford, Connecticut, on November 27, 1824, and began her writing career at an early age. Her family later moved to Hartford, Connecticut, and Pittsfield, Massachusetts.</span><br /><br /><span>She married Abner L. Parsons on March 27, 1844, and gave birth to Clarence Lathrop Parsons, but she lost both her husband and her young son in 1849. After returning to her family in Hartford, Carrie moved to Springfield, Illinois, in 1851 and met Charles Rollin Post, a friend of her brother's. She returned to Hartford the next year and continued to correspond with Charles. They were married on October 10, 1853, and resided in Springfield (</span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015003510289;view=1up;seq=320" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Major, 286</a><span>). Over time, Caroline gave birth to Charles William, Aurelian, and Carroll. She and her family were members of the First Congregational Church. When the boys were growing up, Carrie "guided her boys in the arts, music, and literature" (Major, 290). She also found time to contribute to several publications, including </span><em>Chicago Advance</em><span>, </span><em>Life and Light</em><span>, </span><em>Golden Rule</em><span>, and </span><em>Floral World.</em><br /><br /><span>In 1886, Caroline's family moved to Fort Worth, Texas. She continued to write both poetry and prose and </span><span>was involved with the </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/186" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Woman's Board of Missions</a><span>. </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076020076;view=1up;seq=222" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Magazine of Poetry</a></em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076020076;view=1up;seq=222" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> from 1892</a><span> published both a short biographical sketch and six of her poems. The October 1907 volume of </span><em>Mission Studies</em><span> included her poem </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433068275159;view=1up;seq=336" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"The Message of Christ and His Angel to Woman."</a><span> She published them in </span><em>Aunt Carrie's Poems</em><span>, in 1909.</span><br /><br /><span>During the 1890s, her son, </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015003510289;view=1up;seq=16" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Charles William (C.W.) Post,</a><span> became a millionaire through his inventions in the cereal industry. Since his parents were devoted churchgoers and needed a new church, C.W. donated the money for the First Congregational Church of Fort Worth in 1903 (Major, 292). That same year, Charles Rollin and Caroline celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniversary, a milestone that was </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mmet.ark:/13960/t7tm8vz66;view=1up;seq=129;size=200" target="_blank" rel="noopener">mentioned</a><span> in Margaret E. Sangster's "Around the Hearth" page in </span><em>The Christian Herald</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>When he was ill in 1914, C.W. committed suicide. In his eulogy, C.W.'s cousin, Rev. Roswell C. Post, paid tribute to </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071135225;view=1up;seq=28;size=125" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Carrie</a><span> and Rollin, as well as to Charlie. When she heard of her son's death, ninety-year-old Carrie wrote a </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071135225;view=1up;seq=30;size=125" target="_blank" rel="noopener">poem</a><span> to him. A few months later, on October 17, 1914, Carrie passed away in Fort Worth. She was buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Morrissey%2C+Margaret">Morrissey, Margaret</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WELBY, Mrs. Amelia B. Coppuck
<p><span>Amelia B. Coppuck Welby was born in St. Michael's, Maryland, on February 3, 1819. Best known by her pseudonym "Amelia," she was an author who spent most of her life in Louisville, Kentucky. </span><br /><br /><span>Amelia's first contributions were to <em>The</em></span><em><span> </span>Louisville Journal. </em><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/113" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Southern Literary Messenger<span> </span></a></em><span>published Amelia's poem</span><a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acf2679.0007.004/285:10?rgn=full+text;view=image;q1=musings" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> "Musings"</a><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/%20http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acf2679.0007.004/285" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a><span>in its April 1841 issue and her </span><a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acf2679.0007.012/877" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"The Presence of God"</a><span> in its issue for December of that year. </span><br /><br /><em>Poems</em><span> </span><em>by Amelia</em><span> was published by Abel Tompkins of Boston in 1845, and her book received a positive </span><em><a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acp1141.1-08.016/425" target="_blank" rel="noopener">review</a></em><span> in <em>The </em></span><em>Southern Quarterly Review</em><span>. As Amelia's <em>A Woman of the Century</em> profile notes, "It was </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t6xw50053;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">republished</a><span> in 1850, in New York, in enlarged form, with illustrations by Robert W. Weir" (757). Amelia also contributed to </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86081965/1852-01-29/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1830&sort=date&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=11&words=Amelia+Welby&proxdistance=5&date2=1855&ortext=&proxtext=Amelia+Welby&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=17" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Graham's Magazine</em></a><span> in 1852.</span><br /><br /><span>She passed away in Louisville on May 3, 1852.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WRIGHT, Mrs. Julia McNair
Julia McNair Wright, an author, was born in Oswego, New York, on May 1, 1840. Her A Woman of the Century profile notes: "She began her literary career at sixteen, by the publication of short stories" (804). Three years later, Julia contributed <a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acg2248.1-19.011/721:29?rgn=main;view=image" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"The Life-Labor of Jean Garston"</a> to the November 1859 edition of <em>Ladies' Repository</em> and also married Dr. William James Wright, a mathematician.<br /><br />She wrote on topics that interested her, such as temperance and domestic life, and was extremely successful. A Presbyterian, Julia penned several Anti-Catholic works, such as <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.rsl11x;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Secrets of the convent and confessional: an exhibition of the influence and workings of papacy upon society and republican institutions</a>. She also wrote nature books for children. In 1895, Julia became the editor for the home department of The St. Louis Presbyterian.<br /><br />Julia passed away in Fulton, Missouri, on September 2, 1903. Her obituary in The Indianapolis Journal highlighted that Julia's "'Nature Readers' have been translated into several foreign languages and are in preparation as a textbook for the blind."
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BEECHER, Miss Catharine Esther
<span>Catharine Esther Beecher, a member of the famous Beecher family, was an educator and author. She was born in East Hampton, NY on September 6, 1800, and spent much of her childhood in Litchfield, Connecticut.</span><br /><br /><span>Beecher began the Hartford Female Seminary and later started the Western Female Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio. </span><br /><br /><span>In addition to </span><em><a href="https://archive.org/stream/suggestionsresp02conngoog#page/n6/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Suggestions Respecting Improvements in Education</a>,</em><span> </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101073306050;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A Treatise on Domestic Economy</a>,</em><span> and several other books, she wrote for </span><em>Appleton's Journal</em><span>, </span><em>Christian Spectator, </em><span>and the </span><em>Connecticut Observer</em><span>. In a September 4, 1869 piece in </span><em>Appleton's Journal</em><span>, </span><a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acw8433.1-02.023/85:8?page=root;rgn=main;size=100;view=image" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"</a><span class="articletitle"><a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acw8433.1-02.023/85:8?page=root;rgn=main;size=100;view=image" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Something for Women better than the Ballot,"</a> Beecher discusses the American Woman's Educational Association's proposed endowments for a women's institution.<br /><br />She passed away on May 12, 1878.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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AUSTIN, Jane Goodwin
<div>Jane Goodwin Austin was born in Worcester, MA on February 25, 1831. She married Loring H. Austin in 1850 and became the mother of three children. <br /><br />A prolific writer, Jane was a frequent contributor to <em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Atlantic Monthly</a></em>, <em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/34" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Galaxy</a></em>,<strong> </strong><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harper’s Monthly</a></em>, <em>Peterson’s Magazine</em>, and <em>Putnam’s Magazine</em>.</div>
<div><br />Austin wrote many books, several related to the Plymouth Colony. She had a variety of publishers over the course of her career, including J. E. Tilton and Company, Sheldon and Company, J. R. Osgood and Company, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, F. M. Lupton Publishing Company.</div>
<div><br />Her books were widely noticed in periodicals, with <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/desmondhundred00aust" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Desmond Hundred</a></em> (1882), <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/standishstandish00austrich" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Standish of Standish</a></em> (1889), and <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/drlebaron00austrich" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dr. LeBaron and His Daughters</a></em> (1890) being reviewed by at least nine periodicals.<br /><br /><br />Over the course of her life, Jane also lived in Lincoln, MA, Concord, MA, and Roxbury, MA. She passed away on March 30, 1894.<br /><br /></div>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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CHENEY, Mrs. Ednah Dow
Ednah Dow Cheney, the daughter of Sargent Smith Littlehale and Edna Parker Littlehale, was born in Boston, MA on June 27, 1824. She attended Mount Vernon School in Boston, but much of her literary education came through her participation in Margaret Fuller's "Conversations." Ednah came to know Theodore Parker, <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/items/show/19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, Amos Bronson Alcott, Abby May Alcott, and many other authors.<br /><br />She married artist Seth Cheney and became mother to her daughter Margaret, but Seth died at a young age and Ednah did not remarry. Instead, she focused on motherhood and her career.<br /><br />Over the course of her career, Ednah was an author, a lecturer, a philanthropist, a reformer, a suffragist, and a teacher. Passionate about education, she was involved with the Concord School of Philosophy, Boston School of Design for Women, Women's Medical College, and The Horticultural School for Women.<br /><br />She participated in numerous organizations, including The Freedman's Aid Society, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/98" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Association for the Advancement of Women,</a> The New England Woman's Club, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/179" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The New England Woman's Press Association</a>, The Massachusetts School Suffrage Association,The Free Religious Association, and The New England Hospital for Women and Children.<br /><br />Ednah wrote articles for periodicals such as <em>The North American Review</em>, <em>The Christian Examiner</em>, and <em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/36" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Woman's Journal</a>.</em> She also penned books, including her 1902 autobiography, <a href="https://archive.org/details/reminiscencesofe00chenuoft" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Reminiscences of Ednah Dow Cheney</em>.</a> Two years later, on November 19, 1904, she passed away.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ellis%2C+Mallory+">Ellis, Mallory </a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BAKER, Mrs. Harriette Newell Woods
<span>Harriette Newell Woods Baker, an Andover, Massachusetts native, was born on August 19, 1815.</span><br /><br /><span>Better known by her pseudonyms "Madeline Leslie" and "Aunt Hattie," Harriette was an author, editor, playwright and publisher. As her </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span> profile notes, Baker penned "</span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.rsm2p2;view=1up;seq=241" target="_blank" rel="noopener">nearly two-hundred moral and religious tales</a><span>" (46). </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89098867989;view=1up;seq=11" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Tim, The Scissors Grinder</em></a><span> was an extremely popular work. She also wrote </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn584b;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Reminiscences and Records of My Father, Leonard Woods, D. D., of Andover</em></a><span>. In addition to her books and play, she also wrote for the </span><em>Boston Recorder</em><span>, the </span><em>Congregationalist</em><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Harper's Magazine</em></a><span>, the </span><em>New York Observer, The Puritan,</em><span> and </span><em>Youth's Companion</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>Later in life, Harriette wrote her autobiography: </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.rsm2p2;view=1up;seq=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Leslie, Madeline. The autobiography of a very remarkable woman / edited by Walter Baker. London : A.T. Roberts, 1894.</a><span> She passed away in Brooklyn, New York on April 26, 1893.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ellis%2C+Mallory+">Ellis, Mallory </a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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JACKSON, Mrs. Helen Maria Fiske
<span>Helen Maria Fiske Jackson, better known as Helen Hunt Jackson, or "H. H.", was an extremely popular writer. She was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, on October 18, 1831.</span><br /><br /><span>Jackson was a contributor to </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>, </span><em>Galaxy</em><span>, </span><em>Hearth and Home</em><span>, </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Independent</em></a><span>, </span><em>Nation</em><span>, and </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/32" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Scribner’s Monthly</em></a><span>. </span><br /><br /><span>During the 1870s, Helen began publishing juvenile fiction with Roberts Brothers.</span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=miun.aan0606.0001.001;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <em>Mercy Philbrick’s Choice</em></a><span>, a fictional work published by in 1876, was noticed in numerous periodicals. She continued to publish with Roberts Brothers as more and more readers knew of “H. H.” </span><br /><br /><span>Helen capitalized on her known name to support the Native American cause. However, for her</span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89098873599;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <em>A Century of Dishonor</em></a><span> (1881), she chose Harper Brothers. When "H. H." published </span><em>Ramona</em><span>, her fictional work about Native Americans in 1884, she published it through Roberts Brothers. At least eleven periodicals reviewed this popular work.</span><br /><br /><span>She passed away on August 12, 1885.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ellis%2C+Mallory+">Ellis, Mallory </a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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COLMAN, Mrs. Lucy Newhall
<p><span>Lucy Newhall Colman, an anti-slavery agitator and woman suffragist, was born in Sturbridge, Massachusetts on July 26, 1817. She married at eighteen and moved to Boston, but her husband died of consumption in 1841. </span><br /><br /><span>She married again two years later and gave birth to a daughter in 1845. Colman began to advocate for equal rights of women and emancipation of the slaves in 1846. In her anti-slavery work, Lucy was associated with William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, and Frederick Douglass.</span></p>
<p>When Mr. Colman, an engineer on the New York Central Railroad, was killed in a railroad accident in 1852, Andrew Jackson Davis presided at his funeral in Rochester, NY. While living in Rochester, Lucy took over the “colored school” to close it, encouraging parents to send their children to district schools.</p>
<p>Lucy lectured in several states about the causes she believed in. In 1857, the<span> </span><em>Anti-Slavery Bugl</em>e of New-Lisbon, Ohio<span> </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83035487/1857-12-26/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1789&index=2&rows=20&words=COLMAN+LUCY+N&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1924&proxtext=Lucy+N.+Colman&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">published</a><span> </span>her recollections of her travels on behalf of the cause. During the Civil War, the well-connected Lucy Colman arranged and attended a meeting at the White House between Sojourner Truth and President Lincoln.</p>
<p>Susan B. Anthony invited Lucy to read a paper at a state convention of teachers, and Mrs. Colman chose to use this opportunity to advocate for the abolition of corporal punishment in the Rochester schools. </p>
<p><span>Later, Lucy served as matron in the National Colored Orphan Asylum in Washington, D.C. and was appointed teacher of a ”colored school” in Georgetown, D.C. </span></p>
<p><span>Lucy wrote about her life in <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89098876477;view=1up;seq=11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reminiscences</a>, which was published by H. L. Green in 1891. She passed away in Syracuse, New York on January 18, 1906.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ellis%2C+Mallory">Ellis, Mallory</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BROWN, Mrs. Charlotte Emerson
<p><span>Charlotte Emerson Brown, born in Andover, Massachusetts, on April 21, 1838, was an author, a businesswoman, a philanthropist, a suffragist, and a teacher.</span></p>
<p><span>As the leader of the General Federation of Women's Literary Clubs, Charlotte strove to expand its membership. H</span><span>er</span><em> A Woman of the Century</em><span> profile notes:</span></p>
<p><span>"Mrs. Brown is greatly interested in the woman's club movement and gladly devotes her whole time to work for its advancement. She possesses unusual power of memory, mental concentration, energy and business ability, combined with such sweetness of disposition and deference for others as to make it easy for her to accomplish whatever she undertakes. She is enthusiastic and inspires others with her own magnetism. She combines the power of general plan with minute detail, and her motto is that what should be done at all should be done promptly and thoroughly" (125-126).</span></p>
<p><span>In addition, Charlotte was a member of the <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/186" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Woman's Board of Missions.</a></span></p>
<p>She passed away on February 4, 1895, and was buried in Newark, New Jersey.</p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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MCAVOY, Miss Emma
<p><span>Emma McAvoy was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 23, 1841. Author and lecturer are the occupations listed at the beginning of her </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span> profile, but Miss McAvoy's career included other professions. </span><br /><br /><span>Like many women of her time, this daughter of an Irish immigrant began her career as a teacher. In April of 1859, Emma was appointed as a <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88077413/1859-04-12/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1789&index=7&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Emma+McAvoy&proxdistance=5&date2=1917&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Emma+McAvoy&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">teacher</a> in Cincinnati's Third District with a salary of twenty dollars. Her salary may have been low because she was hired in April, since she is listed as having earned <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84028745/1860-06-30/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1789&index=15&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Emma+McAvoy&proxdistance=5&date2=1917&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Emma+McAvoy&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">three hundred dollars </a>the next year. Later, Emma served as a principal in Kansas City, Missouri. </span></p>
<p><span>Upon her return to Cincinnati, Emma began to deliver lectures. Her </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span> profile notes: "She was one of the first women who presented parlor lectures on literature in the West" (481). </span><span>On February 11, 1879, </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025759/1879-02-11/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1789&index=1&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Emma+McAvoy&proxdistance=5&date2=1924&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Emma+McAvoy&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Cincinnati Daily Star</em></a><span> advertised one of her upcoming lectures: </span><span>"Miss Emma McAvoy will deliver, at College Hall, on the evening of the 28th of February, an evening lecture on the subject, 'The Ode and Errors in Conversation.'" Other lectures over the next two years were on <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025759/1878-10-14/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1789&index=4&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Emma+McAvoy&proxdistance=5&date2=1917&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Emma+McAvoy&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Sonnet, with Hints for Improvement in Conversation,"</a> and <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025759/1879-11-08/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1789&index=6&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Emma+McAvoy&proxdistance=5&date2=1917&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Emma+McAvoy&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"The World's Conversationalists."</a> <br /><br />As a popular figure on the lecture circuit, Emma often received praise in the press. For example, a week before her 1884 speech in Omaha, Nebraska, <em><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1884-11-18/ed-1/seq-8/#date1=1860&sort=date&date2=1919&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=4&words=lecture+McAvoy&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=McAvoy++lecture&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Omaha Daily Bee</a></em> advertised:<br /><br />"On next Monday evening, November 24th, Miss Emma McAvoy will lecture on the subject, 'Hints for Improvement in Conversation.' The lady has just delivered four lectures in Denver, and is said to be a pleasing speaker."<br /><br />She also gave <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069117/1896-03-04/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1860&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=lecture+McAvoy&proxdistance=5&date2=1919&ortext=&proxtext=McAvoy++lecture&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"an able address well delivered"</a> on "Books" in Denver, Colorado, and a <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069117/1896-03-07/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1860&sort=date&date2=1919&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=10&words=lecture+McAvoy&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=McAvoy++lecture&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"well attended and thoroughly enjoyed"</a> lecture on "Conversation" in Maysville, Kentucky, during 1896. Emma was still lecturing by 1900, when she lived in Cincinnati with her sister Mary. <br /><br />Emma passed away on February 4, 1919, and is buried in Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Morrissey%2C+Margaret">Morrissey, Margaret</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WEBSTER, Miss Helen L.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on August 1, 1853, Helen Livermore Webster grew up in Salem, Massachusetts. After having graduated from Salem Normal School, she taught high school in Lynn while continuing her own studies.<br /><br />Helen received her Ph.D. in Comparative Philology from the University of Zurich. Her <em>A Woman of the Century</em> profile noted:<br />
<p>"She handed to the faculty a dissertation, entitled '<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hx5ny2;view=1up;seq=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zur Gutturalfrage im Gotischen</a>,' which attracted general comment by its wide research and scholarly handling" (756)<em>.</em></p>
Dr. Webster taught at Barnard, Vassar, and Wellesley, where she was the Chair of Comparative Philology. After Reverend Silas Tertius Rand passed away, she wrote the preface to his <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t5gb2k46f;view=1up;seq=8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Legends of the MicMacs</a>.<br /><br />Helen passed away on January 4, 1928 and was buried in Pine Grove Cemetery in Lynn, Massachusetts.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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ALDEN, Mrs. Isabella Macdonald
<span>Isabella Macdonald Alden, born in Rochester, New York, on November 3, 1841, was involved in the fields of education, temperance, religion, missionary work, and authorship. </span><br /><br /><span>After attending the Oneida Seminary, Isabella taught there. She married Rev. G. R. Alden, a Presbyterian minister, in 1866 and became a mother. Isabella was very involved with her faith, teaching Sunday School and writing for the </span><em>Presbyterian Primary Quarterly</em><span> and the </span><em>Herald and Presbyter.</em><br /><br /><span>Alden, known as "Pansy," wrote numerous novels and juvenile literature books, including </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn1qkc;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tip Lewis and His Lamp</a></em><span> (1868) and </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951000895877j;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Making Fate</em></a><span> (1895). She also edited the </span><em>Pansy</em><span> periodical and contributed to </span><em>Westminister Teacher.</em><span> In addition, she was involved with the Chautauqua movement.</span><br /><br /><span>Isabella passed away in Palo Alto, California, on August 5, 1930, and was buried in Palo Alto's Alta Mesa Memorial Park.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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SPOFFORD, Mrs. Harriet Prescott
<p><span>Harriet Prescott Spofford, born on April 3, 1835, was an author, biographer, novelist, and poet. A native of Calais, Maine, she attended Pinkerton Academy. Harriet became known in the literary world in 1859 when, as </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span> notes, "she published her Parisian story, 'In A Cellar,' in the 'Atlantic Monthly,' which at once brought her into notice" (674). </span><br /><br /><span>In addition to </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>, she published in several periodicals, including </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Harper's Magazine</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Independent</em></a><span>, <em>The </em></span><em>North American Review</em><span>, and </span><em>Scribner's Magazine</em><span>. </span><br /><br /><span>Talented in a variety of fields, Harriet wrote several different types of books, including </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=64&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EArt+Decoration+Applied+to+Furniture%3C%2Fem%3E.+%26nbsp%3BNew+York%3A+%26nbsp%3BHarper+and+Brothers%2C+1878">Art Decoration Applied to Furniture</a> and </em><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=64&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Marquis+Of+Carabas%3C%2Fem%3E.+Boston%3A+Roberts+Brothers%2C+1882">The Marquis Of Carabas.</a> </em><span> Her </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89098862204;view=1up;seq=13" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A Little Book of Friends</a></em><span> was about ten of her friends. Most of these women, including </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/92" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Louise Chandler Moulton</a><span>, are in </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>In addition to her literary activity, Harriet Prescott Spofford was a wife and mother who was very involved in the National Congress of Mothers.</span></p>
<p><span>Harriet passed away in Amesbury, Massachusetts on August 14, 1921, and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Newburyport, Massachusetts.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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SHOAFF, Mrs. Carrie M.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+inventors">Women inventors</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Inventors--United+States--Biography">Inventors--United States--Biography</a>
<span>Artist and inventor Carrie M. Shoaff was born in Huntington, IN on April 2, 1849. <br /><br />By 1880, she and her husband Urias Shoaff were living in Fort Wayne, IN. In 1884, she exhibited three of her paintings in Keil's bookstore in Fort Wayne. <em>The Fort Wayne Gazette</em> of July 6, 1884 published anarticle about them, giving details about the paintings and praising Mrs. Shoaff's work as being "in every way worthy of notice."<br /><br /> On Thursday, January 10, 1895, <em>The Fort Wayne Weekly Gazette</em> published an article, "Eminent Women. The Part They Are Taking in the World's Affairs," about the <em>A Woman of the Century</em> book and focusing on Carrie M. Shoaff. Speaking of Carrie, it noted: <br /><br />"Among the collection appears a finely executed photogravure and a biographical sketch of a well-known Fort Wayne artist and inventor, Mrs. Carrie M. Shoaff. It tells in detail of the lady's success in the invention of a method of inventing imitation limoges ware and the demand that has everywhere been created for the product. Our own people are well aware of the handsome offers that have been made the artist to remove to the east and establish a studio, yet her interest in her home where were the scenes of her disappointments and her final triumph have overbalanced all, and she continues her work here. <br /><br />Not only in this field has Mrs. Shoaff been successful, but as a writer the lady possesses much ability. Many of the productions of her pen have delighted GAZETTE readers and all have reflected much credit upon her skill and ability. Many articles are written over a nom-de-plume while others are unsighed. All bear the unmistakable imprint of genius. It is a pleasure to chronicle the success of such persons, because it is deserved, and the GAZETTE sincerely congratulates Mrs. Shoaff and trusts that the future may hae still greater achievements and victories in store for her."<br /><br /><em>A Woman of the Centur</em>y noted that Mrs. Shoaff had established an art school in Fort Wayne and was teaching many women about limoge work. She continued that work for several years, as Carrie is listed in the 1900 Federal Census as living on Columbia Avenue in Fort Wayne with her husband Urias and as being an Art Teacher. <br /><br />On April 20, 1917, the <em>Fort Wayne News</em> published Carrie's letter to the editor about the death of her friend S. B. McManus, a poet and "the leading spirit of the 'Bohemian Club.'"<br /><br />She passed away in Fort Wayne on March 15, 1929.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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DELETOMBE, Miss Alice S.
Alice S. Deletombe, born in Gallipolis, OH on April 2, 1854, was a poet. Humble by nature, young Alice did not publicize her work and often wrote under a pseudonym.<br /><br />In 1891, <em>The Magazine of Poetry</em> <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3529222;view=1up;seq=80" target="_blank" rel="noopener">published</a> her image, some of her poems, and a biographical sketch of Alice by W. Farrand Fetch, quitely likely same person who later wrote her sketch for <em>A Woman of the Century.</em> <br /><br />Commenting on Alice's work, Fetch added:<br />"Miss Deletombe's poems are inspirations emotion more than reason, of heart not art, which well out of a warm, passionate, beauty-loving heart. As such, they are true poems of the soul, and in spite of some metrical defects, are too good to be lost to the world."<br /><br />Two years later, the same periodical published her poem "<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433076020068;view=1up;seq=353" target="_blank" rel="noopener">At His Gate</a>."<br /><br />She also served as one of the many contributors to <em>A Woman of the Century</em>.<br /><br />By 1903, Alice was writing for <em>The Rosary</em>, a periodical tied to her Catholic faith.<br /><br />Alice passed away in Gallipolis on December 5, 1929 at age seventy-five. She was <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/95243775/alice-deletombe" target="_blank" rel="noopener">buried</a> in Mound Hill Cemetery in Gallipolis.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WETHERALD, Miss Agnes Ethelwyn
<p><span>Agnes Ethelwyn Wetherald, a Canadian </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86081853/1895-04-05/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=14&words=Ethelwyn+Wetherald&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Wetherald&phrasetext=Ethelwyn+Wetherald&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">poet</a><span>, novelist, and journalist, was born in Rockwood, Ontario, on April 26, 1857. A Quaker, she came to the United States to attend the Friends Boarding School in Union Springs, New York. A writer from an early age, Ethelwyn published in <em>St. Nicholas</em> when she was just seventeen. She returned to Canada and graduated from Pickering College in Ontario. </span><br /><br /><span>In addition to using her own name, Wetherald was known as "Bel Thistlewaite." Her publications included </span><em><a href="https://archive.org/stream/houseoftreesothe00wethiala#page/n11/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The House of the Trees & Other Poems</a></em><span> and a collaboration with Graeme Mercer Adam, </span><em><a href="https://archive.org/stream/cihm_36079#page/n7/mode/1up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">An Algonquin Maiden: A Romance of the Early Days of Upper Canada</a></em><span>.</span><br /><span></span></p>
<p><span>She contributed to both Canadian and American periodicals, including <em>Canadian Monthly</em>, </span><em><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84029853/1890-12-17/ed-1/seq-6/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=0&words=Ethelwyn+Wetherald&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Wetherald&phrasetext=Ethelwyn+Wetherald&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wide Awake</a></em><span>, and</span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1904-04-02/ed-1/seq-37/#date1=1789&index=0&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Ethelwyn+Wetherald&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Wetherald&phrasetext=Ethelwyn+Wetherald&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <em>Youth's Companion</em></a><span>. Agnes and </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/85" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Elizabeth Cameron</a><span> collaborated as publishers of <em>Our Wives and Daughters</em>, a Canadian periodical.</span></p>
<p><span>Agnes passed away on March 10, 1940, at the age of eighty-two, and was buried in Friends Brick Church Grounds in Pelham, Ontario.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BANTA, Mrs. Melissa Elizabeth Riddle
Melissa Elizabeth Riddle Banta, a native of Cheviot, Ohio, was born on <span>March 27, 1834.</span> She attended Wesleyan Female Institute in Cincinnati and Female Collegiate Institute in Covington, Kentucky. <br />After teaching early in her career, Melissa focused on her family and her writing. <br /><br />Just a year after marrying Joseph I. Perrin, Melissa lost him, and later their infant daughter. She returned to live with her parents and married David D. Banta in 1856. They raised their three children in Franklin, Indiana.<br /><br />In 1887, Melissa and her daughter Mabel traveled to Europe. She wrote about her travels and also penned several poems. In 1895, Phenix Press published her <em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t48p6j54b;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Songs of Home</a></em>, a book of poems which she dedicated to her late mother.<br /><br />She passed away in Chicago on May 1, 1907 and was buried in Greenlawn Cemetery in Frankin, Indiana.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BAYLOR, Miss Frances Courtenay
<p>Author, novelist, and playwright Frances Courtenay Baylor, who was born on January 20, 1848, hailed from Fayetteville, Arkansas. During her lifetime, she also called San Antonio, Texas, England, and Winchester, Virginia, home. <br /><br />She wrote pieces such as "Small Courtesies" in <em>Lippincott's Magazine. <span> </span></em>In addition, readers would have found her work in<span> </span><em>The Atlantic Monthly</em>,<span> </span><em>The Princeton Review</em>, and <em>The </em><em>Richmond Times-Dispatch</em>. Her <a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrn1;cc=moajrn1;q1=Baylor;rgn=full%20text;view=image;seq=258;idno=atla0052-2;node=atla0052-2%3A11;page=root;size=100" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"In the Old Dominion"</a><span> </span>was written for <em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Atlantic Monthly</a> </em>during 1883, when Frances was living in Winchester, Virginia. <br /><br />Frances penned a play, "Petruchio Tamed," early in her career and found success with novels such as <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/onbothsidesanov01baylgoog" target="_blank" rel="noopener">On Both Sides</a> </em>and <a href="https://archive.org/details/behindblueridge00baylgoog" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Behind the Blue Ridge</em></a>.<br /><br />Her <em>A Woman of the Century</em> profile concludes: "Miss Baylor deservedly ranks high as an author of remarkable powers of observation, of judgment, of humorous comment, and of philosophic generalization"(66).</p>
<p>She married George Barnum in 1896, but quickly became a widow. Frances passed away in Winchester, Virginia, on October 19, 1920.</p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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AMES, Miss Lucia True
<p><span>Lucia True Ames, from Boscawen, New Hampshire, was </span><span>born on May 5, 1856. She was </span><span>an author, teacher, suffragist, and pacifist who lived in Boston during her adult years.</span><br /><br /><span>Lucia's </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924080787538&view=1up&seq=602&skin=2021&q1=Ames" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"The Home in the Tenement-House,"</a><span> published in </span><em>The New England Magazine</em><span> in 1893, her books, and her </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn98060050/1898-04-15/ed-1/seq-7/#date1=1789&index=5&rows=20&words=Ames+Lucia+True&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1924&proxtext=Lucia+True+Ames&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">public lectures</a><span> attest to her talent in finding a variety of ways for spreading the word about causes she believed in. In addition, </span><span>Lucia</span><span> taught classes to adults on Ralph Waldo Emerson and other authors. </span></p>
<p><span>She was a member of several organizations, including the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association, the Women's Educational and Industrial Union, and the American Peace Society.</span><br /><br /><span>Lucia's personal network included Jane Addams, Anna Garlin Spencer, and Edwin Doak Mead, the editor of <em>The</em> </span><em>New England Magazine</em><span> who became her husband.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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CHARLES, Mrs. Emily Thornton
<p>Mrs. Emily Thornton Charles was a prodigious author, poet, journalist and editor. Emily, born in Lafayette, Indiana on March 21st, 1845, liked to write in rhyme as a child and was recognized for her writing skills and her ease at expressing herself. <br /><br />She attended the free schools of Indianapolis and at the age of sixteen she became a teacher. However, she did not begin publishing until the death of her husband, Daniel B. Charles, a well-known business man in Indianapolis. Mrs. Charles was left a widow at twenty-four years of age, in 1874. At that time she was in poor health. As the provider for two children, she realized she needed a career and discovered she could convert her facility with writing into a successful career in newspapers.</p>
<p>From there she went on in 1876 to publish her first work <em>Hawthorne Blossoms</em>, in Philadelphia. She wrote under the name Emily Thornton and under the nom de plume: Hawthorne. She has the distinction of establishing and operating "The National Veteran" in Washington, D.C. Due to her absorption in her work in 1883, she became overwrought and was confined to her bed. Not one to be idle, Emily Thornton Charles used this time to revise and edit her poetry. The result was <em>Lyrical Poems</em> (Philadelphia, 1886) a 300-page book that established her as a national poet. At the same time she became a popular lecturer/public speaker, addressing large gatherings, including the National Women's Suffrage Convention with her poetical address "Women's Sphere". Her oratory was such that in 1893, she was selected as a speaker in the World's Columbian Exposition.</p>
<p>Emily was a member of the National Women's Press Association, The Grand Army of the Republic and Order of the Eastern Star.</p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Morrissey%2C+Margaret">Morrissey, Margaret</a>
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HENRY, Mrs. Josephine Kirby Williamson
<p>In the 1800s, Josephine Kirby Henry went outside the boundaries of a typical woman during that time by being a women’s rights leader, writer, and political activist. <br /><br />Josephine was born on February 22, 1843, into the wealthy Williamson family in Newport, Kentucky. She was the daughter of Captain Euclid Williamson, a Virginian, and Mary Kirby Williamson of Leeds, England. Josephine grew up and married Captain William Henry of Versailles, Kentucky in 1868. Captain William Henry was an eminent scholar and one of the most well-known educators in the South. They resided in Kentucky and became deeply involved in state and local affairs. One year later they welcomed their only son, Fredrick W. Henry. Fredrick was a writer and reporter for the Chicago Inter Ocean Newspaper, where he would later die in a train fire while writing an article. </p>
<p>Josephine was an American Progressive Era women’s rights leader, suffragist, social reformer, and writer. She was a strong advocate for women and was a leading proponent of legislation that would grant married women property rights. Henry lobbied hard for the adoption of the Kentucky 1894 Married Women’s Property Act, and she is credited for being instrumental in its passage. She was the first woman to campaign publicly for a statewide office in Kentucky. Josephine would later die in 1928, but not without leaving an impact on the world and in the eyes of women. </p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Williamson%2C+Emily">Williamson, Emily</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WILLARD, Miss Frances Elizabeth
<p><span>Frances Elizabeth Willard, whose lengthy <a href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_zXEEAAAAYAAJ/page/n781/mode/2up?view=theater&q=Livermore" target="_blank" rel="noopener">biographical sketch</a> lists her as an "educator, reformer and philanthropist," was one of the editors of </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span>. She was born on September 28, 1839, in Churchville, New York. Frances graduated from North-Western Female College, where she later taught and served as an administrator. </span><br /><br /><span>She became very active in the temperance movement and served as president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). In addition, Frances was a leader of the National Woman's Council. She was a frequent lecturer and prolific writer, publishing books and contributing to numerous periodicals. </span><br /><br /><span>During her very productive life, Frances Willard touched many lives, including those of </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/70" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/47" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Julia A. Ames</a><span>, </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/49" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Matilda B. Carse</a><span>, </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/35" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jennie Casseday</a><span>, </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/97" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mary Helen Peck Crane</a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/118" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sarah Doan La Fetra</a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/145" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zerelda Gray Wallace</a><span>, and </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mary A. Brayton Woodbridge</a><span>.</span></p>
<p><span>Frances passed away on February 17, 1898, and was buried in Chicago's Rosehill Cemetery and Mausoleum.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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SIGOURNEY, Mrs. Lydia Huntley
<span>Lydia Huntley Sigourney, one of the most famous female writers of the nineteenth century, was born in Norwich, Connecticut on September 1, 1791. As a young woman, Lydia taught in her hometown. In 1819, she married Charles Sigourney and became the mother of five children. Unfortunately, she lost three children as infants and her son Andrew at age nineteen.</span><br /><br /><span>During her adult life, Sigourney lived in Hartford as she wrote and engaged in philanthropic work. "The Sweet Singer of Hartford," as she was known, contributed to </span><em>Godey's Lady's Book,<span> </span></em><em>Graham's Magazine,<span> </span></em><span>and other periodicals. Lydia also wrote many</span><span> books, including </span><em><a href="https://archive.org/details/youngladysofferi00sigoiala" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Young Ladies' Offering; or, Gems of Prose and Poetry</a>, </em><span>and penned a </span><a href="https://archive.org/details/poeticalworksoff02hema">memoir </a><span>of poet Felicia Hemans.</span><br /><br /><span>Her friends and supporters included Nancy Maria Hyde, Daniel Wadsworth, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/19177" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Catharine Maria Sedgwick</a>, Sarah Josepha Hale, George R. Graham, and Rufus Wilmot Griswold.</span><br /><br /><span>Lydia passed away on June 10, 1865 and was buried in Hartford's </span><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7426399" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Spring Grove Cemetery</a><span>. Her memoir,</span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433082384979;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em> Letters of Life</em></a><span>, with an Appendix by her daughter Mary Huntley Sigourney Russell, was published by D. Appleton and Company, in 1866.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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HANAFORD, Rev. Phebe Anne
Phebe Anne Hanaford, a Nantucket, MA native who was born <span>on May 6, 1829</span>, wrote her own collective biography of women, <a href="Women%20of%20the%20Century" target="_blank">Women of the Century</a>. <br /><br />In addition to writing this book and many others, and editing two periodicals, Phebe was a well known Universalist minister. Rev. Hanaford was <a href="https://archive.org/details/servicesatordin00browgoog" target="_blank">ordained in Hingham, MA</a>, she served there and in several other communities,and she was chaplain for the Connecticut House and Senate.<br /><br />During her career, she also was a poet, an editor, a teacher, and a temperance reformer. Phebe was involved with the women's groups <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/14" target="_blank">Sorosis</a> and <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/98" target="_blank">The Association for the Advancement of Women</a>, as well as the Grand Templars.<br /><br />Her personal network included Maria Mitchell, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/20" target="_blank">Mary A. Brayton Woodbridge</a>, and relative <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/200" target="_blank">Lucretia Mott</a>, also from Nantucket, Rev. Olympia Brown, and <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/11" target="_blank">Sophis Curtiss Hoffman</a>.<br /><br /><br />
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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HIGGINSON, Mrs. Ella Rhoads
<p><span>Poet and author Ella Rhoads Higginson was born in Council Grove, Kansas, on January 28, 1862. Her family moved to Portland, Oregon, when she was a child, and they later lived in Oregon City, Oregon.</span><br /><br /><span>Ella married Russell C. Higginson in 1886, and the couple moved to Bellingham, Washington. He was a druggist, and she began publishing her writing. Ella contributed to many magazines, including </span><em>Harper's Magazine</em><span>, </span><em>McClure's Magazine</em><span>, </span><em>Once A Week, Scribner's Magazine, </em><span>and</span><em> Woman's Home Companion</em><span>. She also was a book critic for</span><em> <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn2001063133/1904-11-10/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1885&index=3&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Ella+Higginson&proxdistance=5&date2=1949&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Ella+Higginson&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Seattle Times</a>.</em><span> Ella's most well-known poem was "Four Leaf Clover."</span><br /><br /><span>She served as editor of the women's department and contributed poems to </span><em>West Shore</em><span>. In 1905, Ella served as assistant editor of </span><em>The Westerner</em><span>, a new Seattle, Washington periodical that was edited by Edgar L. Hampton. According to </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn98047754/1905-06-15/ed-1/seq-13/#date1=1885&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Ella+Higginson&proxdistance=5&date2=1949&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Ella+Higginson&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Ranch of June 15, 1905</a><span>, "The feature in this number is 'Orilla," a Puget Sound novelette by Ella Higginson."</span><br /><br /><span>Ella was well-regarded by her contemporaries. </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84025811/1912-04-05/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1885&index=2&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Ella+Higginson&proxdistance=5&date2=1949&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Ella+Higginson&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Seattle Republican</em></a><span> of April 5, 1912, noted, "In Bellingham there lives one of the truly great novelists, Ella Higginson. Her 'Mary Ella Out West,' if that is the correct title, is the equal of either the 'Scarlet Letter' or 'Adam Bede.'" </span><br /><br /><span>In addition to her writing, Ella, a woman's rights supporter, was the campaign manager for Frances C. Axtell, the Washington State Legislature's first female member.</span><br /><br /><span>Ella's philanthropic work included being involved with founding Bellingham's first public library and volunteering for the American Red Cross.</span><br /><br /><span>On June 17, 1931, Ella received the honor of becoming the </span><a href="http://www.historylink.org/File/11027" target="_blank" rel="noopener">poet laureate</a><span> of Washington State.</span><br /><br /><span>She passed away on December 27, 1940.</span><br /><br /><span>Ella was featured in </span><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?316868-1/ella-higginson-pacific-northwest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Ella Higginson and the Pacific Northwest"</a><span> by Laura Laffrado on C-Span's BookTV video on December 9, 2013.</span></p>
<p></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BENEDICT, Miss Emma Lee
<p><span>Emma Lee Benedict, born on November 16, 1857, was a native of Clifton Park, New York. She was an editor, educator, author, public speaker, and temperance reformer. Passionate about education from a young age, Emma was a graduate of the State Normal School at Albany and the City University of New York. In addition to teaching, Benedict edited “</span><i><span>The New York School Journal.”</span></i><span></span></p>
<p><span>Also interested in writing for children, Emma penned “</span><i><span>Pieces to Speak</span></i><span>.” Lee and Shepard of Boston published this book which </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn94052989/1893-05-28/ed-1/seq-43/#date1=1789&index=0&rows=20&words=Benedict+Emma+Lee&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1924&proxtext=Emma+Lee+Benedict&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1"><span>received praise</span></a><span> from </span><i><span>The Morning Call </span></i><span>of San Francisco. Similarly, T</span><i><span>he New Haven Daily Morning Carrier Journal </span></i><span>gave a positive review</span><i><span> to </span></i><span>Emma's </span><i><span>The Gregory Guards,</span></i><span> another book for young people, calling it: "A story of reaping good by doing good, bright and entertaining and full of life, incident and good sense."</span></p>
<p><span>Through her work with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Emma was affiliated with Mary H. Hunt. Speaking of her extensive research related to temperance, Benedict's </span><i><span>A Woman of the Century</span></i><span> profile notes: "There is probably no other person more familiar than she with the whole subject of the nature and effects of alcohol on the human system" (74). She and Hunt exerted a great deal of effort preparing teaching manuals on the topic.</span></p>
<p><span>Emma married C. Frederick Transeau in Boston on November 28, 1895. In 1900, she was living in Westwood, Massachusetts, and working as a journalist. During the first decades of the new century, Emma continued her crusade against alcohol by writing articles, non-fiction books, and temperance fiction. In addition, Emma was an officer of the Scientific Temperance Federation. Beginning in 1923, she wrote the “What the Current Magazines are Saying about Prohibition and Law Enforcement” column in <em>The American Issue</em>. Emma published her last book, <em>Knotty Problems Regarding Moderate Drinking</em>, in 1935. She passed away in Boston two years later and was buried in Clifton Park Baptist Cemetery, Clifton Park, New York.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tirone%2C+Trish">Tirone, Trish</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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FIELD, Mrs. Martha R.
Martha Reinhard Smallwood Field, known as "Mattie," was born in Lexington, MO, but she spent most of her life in New Orleans, LA. "She was the first woman journalist to draw a salary in that city," according to her profile in <em>A Woman of the Century</em> (289)<br /><br />A journalist, author, and travel writer, Field wrote under the pseudonym "Catharine Cole." During her career, she contributed to periodicals in New Orleans and San Francisco and edited the <em>New Orleans Times-Democrat</em>. <br /><br />In the introduction to Field's <em>Catharine Cole's Book</em>, Mollie Evelyn Moore Davis noted Mattie's many contributions to New Orleans: "To the influence of her pen and brains, New Orleans owes its Training School for Nurses, it's Woman's Exchange, and its Kindergartens"(8). Interested in education for all, Mattie also founded a Circulating Library in New Orleans.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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COOLBRITH, Mrs. Ina Donna
<p><span>Ina Donna Coolbrith, who was born in Nauvoo, Illinois, on March 10, 1841, grew up in California and became its Poet Laureate.</span><br /><br /><span>During her prolific writing career, Ina contributed to </span><em>Overland Monthly</em><span> and later ran it with Bret Harte and Charles Warren Stoddard. She also contributed to </span><em>Californian</em><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/31" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Century</em>,</a><span> </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/34" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Galaxy</a></em><span>, </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harper's Magazine,</a></em><span> and </span><em>Scribner's Magazine</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>Also a librarian, she played a positive role in the lives of many young readers, including Jack London. A 1919 </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030431/1919-12-07/ed-1/seq-75/#date1=1789&index=0&rows=20&words=Coolbrith&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1924&proxtext=coolbrith&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>New York Sun</em> article </a><span>about Coolbrith quotes London's recollections about Ina:</span><br /><br /><span>"No woman has affected me to the extent you did. I was only a little lad, I knew nothing about you, yet in all the years that have passed, I have met no woman so 'noble' as you. I have never seen you since those library days, yet the memory picture I retain of you is as vivid as any I possess."</span></p>
<p><span>Ina passed away in Berkeley, California on February 29, 1928. She was buried in Oakland, California's Mountain View Cemetery.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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LOUGHEAD, Mrs. Flora Haines
<p><span>Author Flora Haines Loughead was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 12, 1855. By 1870, her family had moved to West Lincoln, Ilinois. Flora graduated from Lincoln University in 1872. She married Charles E. Apponyi in Sacramento in August of 1875. Eleven years later, after divorcing her husband, Flora married John Loughead in San Francisco, California. She had children with both husbands. </span></p>
<p><span>Flora was the author of and a contributor to many books, including the 1898 novel </span><em><a href="https://archive.org/details/blackcurtain00compgoog/page/n8/mode/2up" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Black Curtain</a>. </em>She also <span>edited </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b235126;view=1up;seq=11" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Life, Diary and Letters of Oscar Lovell Shafter, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of California, January 1, 1864, to December 31, 1868</em></a><span>, in 1915. In 1899, </span><a href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18990305.2.164&srpos=42&e=-------en--20--41--txt-txIN-Flora+Haines+Loughead-------1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Flora</a><span> accused Charles H. Hoyt of plagiarizing books she had written in the early 1890s for his play "A Contented Woman."</span><br /><br /><span>In addition to penning her books, Flora also wrote for newspapers and periodicals. In 1895, she was writing for </span><a href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18950413.2.102&srpos=12&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-Flora+Haines+Loughead-------1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The San Francisco Call</em></a><span>. Flora was a contributor to </span><em>Household </em><span>in 1903, and "When The Prince Came," her story about California, began its run as a serial in the June 1905 edition of </span><em>Sunset Magazine</em><span>. By 1908, Flora was editing for </span><a href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SBWP19080220.2.16&srpos=4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-Flora+Haines+Loughead-------1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The San Francisco Chronicle</em></a><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>During her career, Flora became friends with </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/101" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Helen Hunt Jackson</a><span> and many other writers.</span><br /><br /><span>Also very interested in libraries, she wrote </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4381336;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Libraries of California: Containing Descriptions of the Principal Private and Public Libraries Throughout the State</em></a><span> in 1878,</span><br /><br /><span>By 1897, Flora was a member of the Woman's Parliament of Southern California. That October, she was one of many participants at the </span><a href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18971010.2.75&srpos=28&e=-------en--20--21--txt-txIN-Flora+Haines+Loughead-------1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Woman's Parliament's convention</a><span> in Los Angeles.</span><br /><br /><span>After Florence and John's divorce, she married David A. Guitierrez, who was twelve years her junior, in November of 1908. </span><br /><br /><span>During the 1930s, Flora lived at 1871 Park Drive in Los Angeles. She later moved to Alameda, where she passed away on January 27, 1943. She was buried in Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, California.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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DORR, Mrs. Julia C. R.
<p><span>J</span><span>ulia Caroline Ripley Dorr was born on February 13, 1825, in Charleston, South Carolina. She was the daughter of William Young Ripley and Zulma DeLacy Thomas. When Julia was a young girl, her father moved the family to his native Vermont, where he devoted himself to the Rutland marble quarries. After William built the Rutland Opera House, Julia worked to develop women’s appreciation for the arts.</span></p>
<p><span>In 1847, Julia married Hon. Seneca M. Dorr, a lawyer and legislator from New York. They had five children. Seneca encouraged her writing, and he sent Julia's first published poem to “</span><i><span>Union Magazine”</span></i><span> without her knowledge. Her first published short story, “Isabel Leslie,” won her one hundred dollars in prize money. Julia's novel “</span><i><span>Farmingdale”</span></i><span> was published under her pseudonym, Caroline Thomas, again with assistance and support from her husband. In addition to being a wife and mother, Julia was a prolific poet, an author, a wife, a mother, and an inspirational community member. </span></p>
<p><span>After Seneca passed away in 1884, Julia devoted some of her time to another cause. According to her “</span><i><span>A Women of the Century”</span></i><span> profile, "she became the leader of a band of women who founded the Rutland Free Library, the success of which has been so remarkable" (253). Surely, her works were in that library, as Julia’s poetry, stories, essays and letters won respect from her townspeople and famous male writers such as Longfellow, Emerson, Whittier, and Holmes. She rightfully earned her place in American literary history. Julia was honored as Vermont’s “unofficial poet laureate,” and she was bestowed the honor of Doctor of Letters from Middlebury College in 1910. </span></p>
<p><span>Julia Caroline Riley Dorr died on January 18, 1913, and was buried in Rutland's Evergreen Cemetery.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Osher%2C+Alana">Osher, Alana</a>
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STONE, Mrs. Lucy
Reformer Lucy Stone was born near West Brookfield, Massachusetts on August 13, 1818. She graduated from Oberlin College in 1847, with honors. <br /><br />Early in her career, she was an Antislavery lecturer, but Lucy's lifelong passion was advocating for women's suffrage. Lucy gave her first women’s rights lecture in Gardner in 1847. Very active in the cause, she founded the American Woman's Suffrage Association in 1869 with Mary Livermore, Julia Ward Howe, William Lloyd Garrison, George William Curtis, and other reformers. Lucy founded <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/36" target="_blank">Woman’s Journal</a> and edited it for many years.<br /><br />Stone was married to Henry B. Blackwell, although she kept her own name, and was the mother of <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/45" target="_blank">Alice Stone Blackwell</a>.<br /><br />Lucy passed away on October 18, 1893.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Morrissey%2C+Carla+B.">Morrissey, Carla B.</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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AGASSIZ, Mrs. Elizabeth Cabot
Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, one of the founders of Radcliffe College and its first president, was born in Boston, MA on December 5, 1822. <br /><br /><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Atlantic Monthly</a>, </em>which putblished he<em>r </em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924077725798&view=1up&seq=319&skin=2021&q1=Agassiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"An Amazonian Picnic" </a>in March 1866, is one periodical which included pieces by this talented author, naturalist, educator, and educational administrator Married to scientist Louis Agassiz, she also wrote his biography.<br /><br /><span data-offset-key="6vpva-0-0">Elizabeth </span><span>passed</span><span data-offset-key="6vpva-2-0"> away on June 27, 1907. She was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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ALCOTT, Miss Louisa May
Louisa May Alcott, author of <em>Little Women</em> and several other books, was born in Germantown, PA on November 29, 1832, but she spent most of her life in Concord, MA. <br /><br />Alcott lived in Boston with her family during her youth and moved with them to Harvard where her father, transcendentalist Amos Bronson Alcott, had formed the Fruitlands community. Later, the family moved back to Concord. During the Civil War, Louisa worked as a nurse in Washington, D.C. While an illness halted her service shortly after it had started, the experience was the inspiration for <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0xp6x47p" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Hospital Sketches (1863)</em></a>. James Redpath, her publisher, also published her <em>On Picket Duty, and Other Tales</em> the next year.<br /><br />During her career, Louisa wrote numerous books under her own name and several thrillers under her pseudonym, A. M. Barnard. Her most famous book was <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t4gm82m68" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Little Women</em></a> published by Roberts Brothers in 1868. This book was illustrated by her sister May Alcott Nieriker, an artist whose profile is in A Woman of the Century. Louisa also edited <em>Merry's Museum</em> from 1868 to 1879 and wrote pieces for periodicals such as <em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Atlantic Monthly</a></em> and <em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Independent</a></em>. <br /><span class="tag"> <br />Louisa's extensive social network included authors <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/103" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ednah Dow Cheney</a>, <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/items/show/19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/211" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Elizabeth Powell Bond</a>, Henry David Thoreau, and her uncle, reformer Samuel Joseph May.<br /><br />By 1883, Louisa was living in Concord and caring for both her elderly father and her niece Lu, whose mother May had passed away shortly after her birth. <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015679/1883-01-27/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1880&sort=date&date2=1890&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=3&words=Alcott+ALCOTT+Louisa+May&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Louisa+May+Alcott&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Indianapolis Journal</em> </a>reprinted Louisa's letter to <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/43" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lucy Stone</a> that while she was interested in woman's suffrage, her family obligations prevented her from attending the Woman's Suffrage National Convention. Louisa also expressed her frustration at the lack of interest in the topic by many of Concord's women and hoped that the women at the Convention could help to provide motivation for "these slothful sisters." Later that year, Louisa was one of ten women who sent a joint letter to the Massachusetts and Republican State Central Committees. As <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85034374/1883-09-22/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1880&sort=date&date2=1890&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=4&words=Alcott+Louisa+May&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Louisa+May+Alcott&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Greenville Times</em></a> notes, "They believe that the establishment of political rights for women is essential to the highest good of the state." The other women were Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, Mary G. Ames, Mary A. Livermore, Mary F. Eastman, Ednah D. Cheney, Mary C. Shannon, Mary Shannon, and Susan E. B. Channing. Louisa continued to support the cause during the 1880s.<br /><br />She passed away on March 6, 1888 at age fifty-five and was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetry in Concord, MA.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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CASSEDAY, Miss Jennie
<p>Jennie Casseday, who was born in Louisville, Kentucky on June 9, 1840, was injured as a young woman. As a result, she was bedridden for most of her life. Determined to brighten the lives of others in her situation, she created the Louisville Flower Mission. </p>
<p>During the early years of the Flower Mission, Jennie was contacted by the Harper Brothers, successful New York publishers, to write about her Flower Mission for<em> Harper's Young People</em>. Responding to the publishers, Jennie wrote: </p>
<p>"The mission of flowers has such possibilities, such deep meaning, so much cheer and brightness for the sick, the aged, the poor, the shut-ins, and for the missionaries themselves, that I find my heart bounding with gladness at tne new avenue you have opened for its enlargement"(<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433082405162;view=1up;seq=30" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Duncan</a>, 22). <br /><br />Word spread about Jennie's mission, and <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/69" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frances Willard</a> asked Jennie to be the founder of the WCTU's National Flower Mission. Her National and Annual Flower Mission Day, an event on her birthday, June 9, which resulted in flowers in the cells of prisoners throughout the country, continued even after Jennie's death on February 8, 1893.</p>
<p>In addition, Jennie organized the Shut-In Band, a community of people who, like her, were invalids, and provided a way for them to communicate through the periodical <em>Open Window</em>. <br /><br />She also supported the Louisville Training School for Nurses and the Rest Cottage "for tired girls and women who have to support themselves" (161), and established a Louisville chapter of the Order of King's Daughters (Duncan, 43). </p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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CHILD, Mrs. Lydia Maria
<span>Lydia Maria Child</span><span> was born on February 11, 1802, in Medford, Massachusetts. She gained early readers through her fiction, her biographies, and her periodical, </span><em>Juvenile Miscellany. <span> </span></em><span>She bravely risked her established reputation in support of the anti-slavery cause in 1833. Lydia's </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433075994958;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">An Appeal in favor of that class of Americans called Africans</a></em><span> brought her intense, yet mixed, public attention. </span><span>The next year, she again toiled for the cause by editing </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435004550596;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Oasis</a>.<br /></em><span> </span><br /><span>Throughout her life, Lydia continued both her reform work and her writing. She authored several more books and contributed to periodicals such as </span><em>Ladies' Repository</em><span>, </span><em>Living Age</em><span>, and </span><em>The United States Democratic Review</em><span>. </span><a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl/acg2248.1-21.001/11:6?rgn=main;view=image" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Harriet E. Hosmer. A Biographical Sketch,"</a><span> Lydia's contribution to the January 1861 volume of </span><em>Ladies' Repository</em><span>, focused on Hosmer, another woman in </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>In addition to Hosmer, Child's large personal network included </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/236" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rosa Miller Avery</a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/29" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dr. Martha H. Mowry</a><span>, and John Greenleaf Whittier.</span><br /><br /><span>Lydia passed away in Wayland, Massachusetts, on October 20, 1880, and was buried in that town's North Cemetery.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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CHACE, Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum
Elizabeth Buffum Chace, who toiled for the Anti-slavery and women's suffrage causes, hailed from Providence Rhode Island. She <span>was born in Providence, RI on December 9, 1806. Elizabeth married Samuel Buffington Chace in 1828 and the couple were parents to many children.<br /><br /></span>Her personal network included Samuel May, Jr., the celebrated minister and anti-slavery reformer of Leicester, MA, Susan B. Anthony, Ednah Dow Cheney, Frederick Douglass, Rowland Gibson Hazard, and Thomas Wentworth Higginson.<br /><br />In October of 1868, Elizabeth was selected as one of the <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016419/1869-10-29/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=1&words=B+Chace+Elizabeth&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Elizabeth+B.+Chace&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rhode Island delegates</a> for the first meeting of the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. She also served as president at the Rhode Island Woman's Suffrage Convention that December. By 1874, she was one of the AWSA's Vice Presidents. In 1882, she was the Rhode Island vice-president of the Association for the Advancement of Women, a position she held for several years. She became one of the vice-presidents of The Free Religious Association of America in May of 1889.<br /><br />Elizabeth recalled her life and work in her 1891 book <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044087358719;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Anti-slavery Reminiscences</em></a>. She wrote about "Old Quaker Days in Rhode Island" for the August 1897 volume of <em>New England Magazine</em>.<br /><br />She passed away on December 12, 1899, and was buried in Swan Point Cemetery in Providence.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Skoog%2C+Susan">Skoog, Susan</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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LIPPINCOTT, Mrs. Sara Jane
<span>Sara Jane Lippincott, an author and journalist, was born in Pompey, New York on September 23, 1823. She grew up in Rochester, New York and lived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania after her 1853 marriage to Leander K. Lippincott. Later, she lived in Washington, D.C. and New Rochelle, New York.</span><br /><br /><span>Professionally, Sara was best known as "Grace Greenwood." Beginning in the mid-1850s, she edited <em>The Little Pilgrim</em>, a periodical for children. A very popular writer and journalist, Sara contributed to many periodicals, including </span><em>All The Year Round</em><span>, </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>,</span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em> Harper's Magazine</em></a><span>, </span><em>Hearth and Home</em><span>, </span><em>Home Journa</em><span><em>l,</em> </span><em>Household Words</em><span>, </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Independent</em></a><span>, </span><em>New York Mirror</em><span>, </span><em>New York Times</em><span>, and </span><em>New York Tribune</em><span>. She also wrote several books, including </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t5h996x79;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Greenwood Leaves</a></em><span>, </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn5eak;view=1up;seq=25" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Recollections of my childhood, and other stories</a></em><span>, and </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t9t14wd16;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Stories and Sketches</a></em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>Sara passed away on April 20, 1904, and was buried in Grove Cemetery in New Brighton, Pennsylvania.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Authors">Authors</a>
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BROWN, Miss Emma Elizabeth
<p><span>Author Emma Elizabeth Brown </span><span>was born on</span><span> </span>October 18, 1847. Emma's literary career began in her native town, Concord, New Hampshire, when she submitted a poem to the<span> </span><em>Concord Monitor. </em></p>
<p><em></em><span>Once she moved to Boston, Emma wrote a book of poems and contributed to several periodicals. Often writing as "E. E. Brown," she penned several biographical sketches, poems, and short stories for periodicals such as </span><em>Aldine</em><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>, </span><em>Living Age</em><span>, and </span><em>Wide Awake</em><span>. </span><br /><br /><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84038582/1878-01-26/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=6&words=Brown+E+Emma&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=+&phrasetext=Emma+E.+Brown&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Noticing</a><span> her piece "The Child Toilers of Boston Streets" in the February 1878 edition of </span><em>Wide Awake</em><span>, </span><em>The Ottawa Free Trader</em><span> of Illinois said that "Emma E. Brown gives us a glimpse of Boston New Boys' life." Sharing what she learned in her travels, Emma wrote </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn2001063133/1895-04-11/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&date2=1924&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=15&words=Brown+E+Emma&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=+&phrasetext=Emma+E.+Brown&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Easter in Florence."</a><span> This piece of travel writing was published for that holiday in 1895 in the </span><em>Turner County Herald</em><span> of Hurley, South Dakota.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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BROTHERTON, Mrs. Alice Williams
<p><span>Alice Williams Brotherton was born in Cambridge, Indiana on April 4, 1848. Her </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span> profile notes the important roles that being raised in a home with books and a mother who encouraged writing played in setting Alice on the road to a writing career. In addition to being a prolific writer, Alice also devoted much time to being a mother and wife.</span><br /><br /><span>One of her passions was her work with women's clubs. In 1910, </span><em>The Guthrie Daily Leader</em><span> </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063952/1910-11-21/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&rows=20&words=Alice+Brotherton+Williams&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=14&state=&date2=1924&proxtext=Alice+Williams+Brotherton&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">commented</a><span> on Alice's club work, noted her husband's reaction to hearing about it, and praised her writing:</span><br /><br /><span><strong>"Has A Thoughtful Husband</strong>. </span></p>
<p><span>Mrs. Alice Williams Brotherton, who is prominent as a club woman in Cincinnati, says that her husband declared that he was willing to hear clubs talked three times a day at meals, but he drew the line at curtain lectures on the subject. Mrs. Brotherton is a successful writer and has made quite a reputation as a poet."</span><br /><br /><span>Alice's work was published in periodicals such as </span><em>Aldine</em><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/31"><em>Century</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Independent</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/121" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Magazine of Poetry</em></a><span>, </span><em>New England Magazine</em><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/32" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Scribner's Monthly</em></a><span>, and </span><em>St. Nicholas</em><span>.</span></p>
<p><span>She passed away on February 9, 1930, and was buried in Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery.</span></p>
<br /><br />
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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GORTON, Mrs. Cynthia M. R.
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cynthia M. Roberts Gorton was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, on February 27, 1826. While attending </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/15"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Troy Female Seminary</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, she began to lose her sight. After Cynthia married Frederick Gorton, she became totally blind. However, this determined woman did not let her blindness stop her. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The couple moved to Fenton, Michigan, and Cynthia became a popular lecturer. In her talks, Gorton spoke to her audiences about </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025759/1877-04-14/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1789&index=6&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Glenwood+Ida&proxdistance=5&date2=1924&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Ida+Glenwood&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">temperance</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and other topics she was passionate about. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Professionally, Cynthia was known as "Ida Glenwood," "The Blind Bard of Michigan," and "The Sweet Singer." In addition to penning several books, including </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071600418;view=1up;seq=7"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lily Pearl and the Mistress of Rosedale</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, she contributed to </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Christian Herald </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">of Detroit</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">and </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/121"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Magazine of Poetry</span></i></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On August 10, 1894, Cynthia M. Roberts Gorton died at her home in Fenton, Michigan.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Authors">Authors</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Poet">Poet</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Orators">Orators</a>
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STONE, Miss Martha Elvira
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Women+postal+service+employees">Women postal service employees</a>
Martha Elvira Stone was born in North Oxford, Massachusetts on September 13, 1816. She attended Oxford Classical School and Leicester Academy and then taught for many years. Martha and her cousin <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clara Barton</a>, another North Oxford native, were frequent <a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/mss11973.010_0268_0488/?st=gallery" target="_blank" rel="noopener">correspondents</a> throughout their lives.<br /><br />Stone was appointed U.S. Postmaster for North Oxford on April 27, 1857 and served as the town's postmistress for over forty years. In addition to her work as postmistress, she aided soldiers during the Civil War and served as a member of the Oxford school board from 1870 to 1873. <br /><br />Genealogy was another of Martha's passions. During the 1880s, she conducted extensive research for her mother's family's genealogy, <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002178658;view=1up;seq=12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Learned Family</a>, and also contributed to the <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hx4xi2;view=1up;seq=12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Davis</a> genealogy.<br /><br />Since she was the oldest postmistress in the United States, <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn96076998/1896-04-16/ed-1/seq-6/#date1=1789&index=1&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Martha+North+Oxford+Postmistress+postmistress+Stone&proxdistance=10&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=Martha+Stone+postmistress+North+Oxford&phrasetext=+&andtext=+&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Martha's</a> image was exhibited at the World's Fair in 1896.<br /><br />Martha passed away on January 9, 1900, and was buried in North Cemetery, Oxford, Massachusetts.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Postmasters">Postmasters</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Genealogists">Genealogists</a>
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BARTON, Miss Clara
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nurses--United+States--Biography">Nurses--United States--Biography</a>
<p>Clara Barton, a native of North Oxford, MA, is best known as the founder of the American Red Cross. She was born on December 25, 1821, the youngest child of Stephen and Sara Stone Barton. Clara grew up in North Oxford and lived near her cousin,<span> </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Martha Elvira Stone</a>. When she was young, Clara taught in North Oxford and worked part-time in a cotton mill.<br /><br />After teaching in North Oxford for many years, she moved to Clinton, NY to enroll in the Clinton Liberal Institute. She opened a school in Bordentown, NJ and later relocated to Washington, D.C. to work at the United States Patent Office. During the Civil War, Clara tended to wounded soldiers after numerous battles. She became known as "The Angel of the Battlefield." When the war was over, she became very involved with The Office of Correspondence with Friends of the Missing Men of the United States Army in Washington, D.C. In 1867, after meeting Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, Clara became involved in working for suffrage.<br /><br />Later, while in Europe, Clara learned about the International Red Cross and served as part of the relief corps during the Franco-Prussian War. Clara fought to establish the American Red Cross, and in March of 1881, she became the leader of the American Red Cross. <br /><br />In addition, Clara, <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/245" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mary Emily Bennett Coues</a>, and others founded the <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1892-02-25/ed-1/seq-9/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=1&words=Nata+Pro+Re&proxdistance=5&state=District+of+Columbia&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Pro+Re+Nata&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pro Re Nata</a> women's club in Washington in 1892. <br /><br />After many years of work with the American Red Cross, Clara resigned in 1904 and formed the National First Aid Association of America.</p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Nurses">Nurses</a>
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