LAZARUS, Miss Emma
<p><span>Emma Lazarus was born in New York, New York on July 22, 1849 and died there on November 19, 1887.</span><br /><br /><span>Emma was inspired and mentored by Ralph Waldo Emerson. In 1868, she mailed her book to Ralph Waldo Emerson which resulted in a mentor-mentee relationship. For a few years, Emma asked him for feedback on her poems, and Emerson gladly provided critiques and praise. A rift occurred in their relationship in 1873, as Ralph Waldo Emerson did not publish her work in his anthology, </span><em>Parnassus</em><span>. Emma never found out why he did not her print her work, since he never responded to her letters.</span><br /><br /><span>Miss Lazarus volunteered at the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) after visiting Russian Jewish Immigrants living in squalor at Ward Island. These immigrants had left Russia due to the Czar’s ongoing pogroms and other antisemitic acts. The HIAS, which was formed in 1881, provided meals, transportation, and employment counseling.</span></p>
<p><span>That same year, Emma wrote several poems for a broad range of audiences concerning the antisemitism occurring in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia. Her poems, "The Banner of the Jew," "The Exile," and "The Death of Death" (she dedicated this to "George Eliot," for her inspiration and dream of a Jewish nation), portrayed the tragic suffering and degradation of her people (Jews). Emma was an early proponent of what became the Zionist movement. Her views are illustrated in her “Epistle for Hebrews." </span><br /><br /><span>Emma wrote"The New Colossus," a sonnet, in 1883 as part of fundraiser for the Statue of Liberty's pedestal. She wanted others to know that this poem voiced support for the immigrants coming to the shores of New York City. Unfortunately, Emma did not live to see the fruit of her labor. It was 1886 by the time sufficient money was raised to erect the statue in New York Harbor, and Emma passed in November of 1887, before its completion. </span><span>To honor Miss Lazarus's work, her friend, Georgina Schuyler, had Emma's poem engraved on a plaque which was mounted on the statue's pedestal..</span><br /><br /><span>Her volunteer efforts and ideas also led to the creation of the Hebrew Technical Institute, which was formed in 1884 in New York City. This non-sectarian facility provided training in vocational skills for students ages 14-17. Later, it became known as the first technical high school in America.</span><br /><br /><span>In 1944, The Emma Lazarus Federation of Women’s Clubs was founded by the Women’s Division of the Jewish People’s Fraternal Order of the International Workers Order. Its mission was three-fold: t</span><span>o provide relief to wartime victims, t</span><span>o combat racism and antisemitism, and t</span><span>o foster Jewish identification through its educational programs and women’s rights. </span><br /><br /><span>To honor Miss Lazarus's accomplishments as a famous poet, Ruth Hollander, a senior from Tucson High School, was elected president of the newly formed Emma Lazarus B'nai B'rith Women’s Group in March, 1951. </span></p>
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<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WEISS, Mrs. Susan Archer
Susan Archer Talley Weiss was born in Hanover County, VA on February 14. A Woman of the Century lists her birth year as 1835, but other sources list it as 1822. Her family moved to Richmond when Susan was eight, and she lost her ability to hear two years later, due to Scarlet Fever. <br /><br />With the support of her father and her cousin, sculptor Alexander Galt, Susan cultivated her artistic and writing talents. She published in <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/113" target="_blank"><em>The Southern Literary Messenger</em></a> when she was eleven and began her writing career. During her career, she contributed many <a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moajrnl?c=moajrnl&cc=moajrnl&key=author&page=browse&value=Talley&Submit=Submit" target="_blank">pieces</a> to this prominent Richmond periodical. Susan's work was also available in book form, as Rudd & Carleton published her <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t5gb2z460;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank">Poems</a> in 1859. On October 26, <em>The Richmond Dispatch</em> included an <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024738/1859-10-26/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=18&words=Archer+Susan+Talley&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Susan+Archer+Talley&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank">advertisement</a> noting that Susan's book was being sold for seventy-five cents at Randolph's Bookstore and Bindery on Main Street in Richmond. <em>The Nationa Era</em> <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026752/1859-11-10/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=19&words=Archer+Susan+Talley&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Susan+Archer+Talley&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank">reviewed</a> her book on November 10, 1859.<br /><br />Susan's personal network in Richmond included Benjamin B. Minor, editor of <em>The Southern Literary Messenger</em>, Edgar Allan Poe, Rosalie Poe, and sculptor Edward Virginius Valentine. <br /><br />Her lengthy poem <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=dul1.ark:/13960/t8z902596;view=1up;seq=2" target="_blank">"The Battle of Manassas"</a> was published as a broadside in Richmond on August 3, 1861. When living in Norfolk during the Civil War, Susan apparently served as a <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/31929632" target="_blank">spy</a>, was caught, and spent time in confinement.<br /><br />She married Colonel Louis Weiss of the Union Army, started a family and moved to New York City. However, Susan's personal life was not a happy one and the couple divorced. Focusing on her writing to support herself and her son, Susan penned pieces for newspapers and magazines such as <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/32" target="_blank"><em>Scribner's Monthly</em></a> ("<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000011751272;view=1up;seq=992" target="_blank">Peter Bloch. A Hartz Legend,"</a> September 1871), <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/226" target="_blank"><em>The Aldine</em></a> ("The Best to Come," June 1875), <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/31" target="_blank"><em>Century Magazine</em> </a>("The Last Days of Poe," April 1878), <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank"><em>Harper's Magazine </em></a>(May 1878), <em>Wide Awake</em> (June 1886), and <em>The People's Home Journal</em> (1904).<br /><br />In 1907, Broadway Publishing Company published Susan's <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33930" target="_blank"><em>The</em> <em>Home Life of Poe</em>.</a><br /><br />During her later years, she lived in Richmond with her son. She passed away there on April 7, 1917 and was buried in Riverview Cemetery.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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WINSLOW, Mrs. Celeste M.A.
<span>Celeste M. A. Winslow was born in Charlemont, Massachusetts, on November 22, 1837. </span><br /><br /><span>A prolific writer, Celeste penned articles for numerous periodicals. Her poem</span><span class="resfieldlabel"><span> </span></span><a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrn1;cc=moajrn1;q1=Winslow;rgn=author;view=image;seq=0716;idno=atla0037-6;node=atla0037-6%3A9">"Perplexed"</a><span> appeared in </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span> in June 1876, while her poem </span><a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrn1;cc=moajrn1;q1=Winslow;rgn=author;view=image;seq=0440;idno=atla0044-4;node=atla0044-4%3A2">"Ah, Dawn, Delay"</a><span> graced the pages of the same magazine in October 1879. Another poem, </span><a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrn2;cc=moajrn2;q1=Winslow;rgn=author;view=image;seq=0952;idno=scmo0022-6;node=scmo0022-6%3A19">"Change,"</a><span> was published in </span><em>Scribner's Monthly</em><span> in October 1881. She also wrote for <a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Independent</em></a>, penning <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88064537/1886-06-12/ed-1/seq-6/#date1=1845&index=0&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=A+Celeste+M+Winslow&proxdistance=5&date2=1904&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Celeste+M.+A.+Winslow&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"The Robin"</a>, which was reprinted in other periodicals, in 1886."</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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JACKSON, Mrs. Helen Maria Fiske
<span>Helen Maria Fiske Jackson, better known as Helen Hunt Jackson, or "H. H.", was an extremely popular writer. She was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, on October 18, 1831.</span><br /><br /><span>Jackson was a contributor to </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>, </span><em>Galaxy</em><span>, </span><em>Hearth and Home</em><span>, </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Independent</em></a><span>, </span><em>Nation</em><span>, and </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/32" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Scribner’s Monthly</em></a><span>. </span><br /><br /><span>During the 1870s, Helen began publishing juvenile fiction with Roberts Brothers.</span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=miun.aan0606.0001.001;view=1up;seq=7" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <em>Mercy Philbrick’s Choice</em></a><span>, a fictional work published by in 1876, was noticed in numerous periodicals. She continued to publish with Roberts Brothers as more and more readers knew of “H. H.” </span><br /><br /><span>Helen capitalized on her known name to support the Native American cause. However, for her</span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89098873599;view=1up;seq=9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <em>A Century of Dishonor</em></a><span> (1881), she chose Harper Brothers. When "H. H." published </span><em>Ramona</em><span>, her fictional work about Native Americans in 1884, she published it through Roberts Brothers. At least eleven periodicals reviewed this popular work.</span><br /><br /><span>She passed away on August 12, 1885.</span>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ellis%2C+Mallory+">Ellis, Mallory </a>
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MOULTON, Mrs. Louise Chandler
<p><span>Author Louise Chandler Moulton was born on April 5, 1835. A native of Pomfret, Connecticut, she left her hometown to attend Emma Willard's </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/15" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Troy Female Seminary</a><span>. Louise published her first works with Phillips, Sampson and Company and, as her friend </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/90" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harriet Prescott Spofford</a><span> noted in </span><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89098862204;view=1up;seq=174" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>A Little Book of Friends</em>,</a><span> her </span><span>publisher </span><a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Moses Dresser Phillips</a><span> said that the talented young author "was more fit to be President of the United States than any man he knew" (160).</span><br /><br /><span>During her career, Louise wrote several books and contributed to periodicals, including </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Atlantic Monthly</a></em><span>, </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/31" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Century Magazine</a></em><span>, </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/34" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Galaxy</a></em><span>, </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Harper's Monthly</a></em><span>,</span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Independent</a></em><span>, </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/32" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scribner's Monthly</a></em><span>, and </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/36" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Woman's Journal</a></em><span>. In addition to Spofford and Phillips, Louise's friends included <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/items/show/19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/items/show/136" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Oliver Wendell Holmes</a>, <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/items/show/158" target="_blank" rel="noopener">James Russell Lowell</a>, and Sarah Helen Whitman.</span></p>
<p><span>She passed away on August 10, 1908.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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SPOFFORD, Mrs. Harriet Prescott
<p><span>Harriet Prescott Spofford, born on April 3, 1835, was an author, biographer, novelist, and poet. A native of Calais, Maine, she attended Pinkerton Academy. Harriet became known in the literary world in 1859 when, as </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span> notes, "she published her Parisian story, 'In A Cellar,' in the 'Atlantic Monthly,' which at once brought her into notice" (674). </span><br /><br /><span>In addition to </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>, she published in several periodicals, including </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/33" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Harper's Magazine</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Independent</em></a><span>, <em>The </em></span><em>North American Review</em><span>, and </span><em>Scribner's Magazine</em><span>. </span><br /><br /><span>Talented in a variety of fields, Harriet wrote several different types of books, including </span><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=64&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EArt+Decoration+Applied+to+Furniture%3C%2Fem%3E.+%26nbsp%3BNew+York%3A+%26nbsp%3BHarper+and+Brothers%2C+1878">Art Decoration Applied to Furniture</a> and </em><em><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=64&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%3Cem%3EThe+Marquis+Of+Carabas%3C%2Fem%3E.+Boston%3A+Roberts+Brothers%2C+1882">The Marquis Of Carabas.</a> </em><span> Her </span><em><a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89098862204;view=1up;seq=13" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A Little Book of Friends</a></em><span> was about ten of her friends. Most of these women, including </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/92" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Louise Chandler Moulton</a><span>, are in </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>In addition to her literary activity, Harriet Prescott Spofford was a wife and mother who was very involved in the National Congress of Mothers.</span></p>
<p><span>Harriet passed away in Amesbury, Massachusetts on August 14, 1921, and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Newburyport, Massachusetts.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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DORR, Mrs. Julia C. R.
<p><span>J</span><span>ulia Caroline Ripley Dorr was born on February 13, 1825, in Charleston, South Carolina. She was the daughter of William Young Ripley and Zulma DeLacy Thomas. When Julia was a young girl, her father moved the family to his native Vermont, where he devoted himself to the Rutland marble quarries. After William built the Rutland Opera House, Julia worked to develop women’s appreciation for the arts.</span></p>
<p><span>In 1847, Julia married Hon. Seneca M. Dorr, a lawyer and legislator from New York. They had five children. Seneca encouraged her writing, and he sent Julia's first published poem to “</span><i><span>Union Magazine”</span></i><span> without her knowledge. Her first published short story, “Isabel Leslie,” won her one hundred dollars in prize money. Julia's novel “</span><i><span>Farmingdale”</span></i><span> was published under her pseudonym, Caroline Thomas, again with assistance and support from her husband. In addition to being a wife and mother, Julia was a prolific poet, an author, a wife, a mother, and an inspirational community member. </span></p>
<p><span>After Seneca passed away in 1884, Julia devoted some of her time to another cause. According to her “</span><i><span>A Women of the Century”</span></i><span> profile, "she became the leader of a band of women who founded the Rutland Free Library, the success of which has been so remarkable" (253). Surely, her works were in that library, as Julia’s poetry, stories, essays and letters won respect from her townspeople and famous male writers such as Longfellow, Emerson, Whittier, and Holmes. She rightfully earned her place in American literary history. Julia was honored as Vermont’s “unofficial poet laureate,” and she was bestowed the honor of Doctor of Letters from Middlebury College in 1910. </span></p>
<p><span>Julia Caroline Riley Dorr died on January 18, 1913, and was buried in Rutland's Evergreen Cemetery.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Osher%2C+Alana">Osher, Alana</a>
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<em>Scribner's Monthly</em>
Periodical founded in New York, NY in 1870.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
BROTHERTON, Mrs. Alice Williams
<p><span>Alice Williams Brotherton was born in Cambridge, Indiana on April 4, 1848. Her </span><em>A Woman of the Century</em><span> profile notes the important roles that being raised in a home with books and a mother who encouraged writing played in setting Alice on the road to a writing career. In addition to being a prolific writer, Alice also devoted much time to being a mother and wife.</span><br /><br /><span>One of her passions was her work with women's clubs. In 1910, </span><em>The Guthrie Daily Leader</em><span> </span><a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063952/1910-11-21/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1789&sort=date&rows=20&words=Alice+Brotherton+Williams&searchType=basic&sequence=0&index=14&state=&date2=1924&proxtext=Alice+Williams+Brotherton&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">commented</a><span> on Alice's club work, noted her husband's reaction to hearing about it, and praised her writing:</span><br /><br /><span><strong>"Has A Thoughtful Husband</strong>. </span></p>
<p><span>Mrs. Alice Williams Brotherton, who is prominent as a club woman in Cincinnati, says that her husband declared that he was willing to hear clubs talked three times a day at meals, but he drew the line at curtain lectures on the subject. Mrs. Brotherton is a successful writer and has made quite a reputation as a poet."</span><br /><br /><span>Alice's work was published in periodicals such as </span><em>Aldine</em><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/23" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Atlantic Monthly</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/31"><em>Century</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/22" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Independent</em></a><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/121" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Magazine of Poetry</em></a><span>, </span><em>New England Magazine</em><span>, </span><a href="http://marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/32" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Scribner's Monthly</em></a><span>, and </span><em>St. Nicholas</em><span>.</span></p>
<p><span>She passed away on February 9, 1930, and was buried in Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery.</span></p>
<br /><br />
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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